Everyday attention.

Risko, Evan F.; Kingstone, Alan

doi:10.1037/cep0000134

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Had we instead used a real human, it would have been unclear if any differences were due to the 3D context or the more complex social demands of the task. Replicating our task with a real 3D human would be of great interest, but for this investigation, we opted to incrementally “scale up” from the relative simplicity of more common computer-based tasks, minimizing the added difficulty of conducting 2 nd -person interactive research [ 35 ], or real-life “everyday attention” [ 36 ]. In fact, our own recent work illustrates the increases in sensitivity to gaze cues from the head and eyes that can be expected when scaling up from a virtual avatar to a virtual robot, a physically present robot, and finally, a physically present human [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These distinct influences from the head and eyes work in parallel to oppose one another during perception of gaze in 3D faces [ 15 , 34 ]. Even beyond optical and perceptual considerations, judgments about social cues including gaze and social attention [ 35 , 36 ] take on additional significance, and even recruit distinct neural networks, when they are made in more embedded contexts in which the perceiver is an interactor rather than a spectator [ 37 ]. For these reasons, it is unclear whether knowledge about evaluations of 2D faces should generalize to 3D faces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaze perception from head and pupil rotations in 2D and 3D: Typical development and the impact of autism spectrum disorder

Mihalache

Sokol‐Hessner²,

Feng³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The study of gaze perception has largely focused on a single cue (the eyes) in two-dimensional settings. While this literature suggests that 2D gaze perception is shaped by atypical development, as in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), gaze perception is in reality contextually-sensitive, perceived as an emergent feature conveyed by the rotation of the pupils and head. We examined gaze perception in this integrative context, across development, among children and adolescents developing typically or with ASD with both 2D and 3D stimuli. We found that both groups utilized head and pupil rotations to judge gaze on a 2D face. But when evaluating the gaze of a physically-present, 3D robot, the same ASD observers used eye cues less than their typically-developing peers. This demonstrates that emergent gaze perception is a slowly developing process that is surprisingly intact, albeit weakened in ASD, and illustrates how new technology can bridge visual and clinical science.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze perception from head and pupil rotations in 2D and 3D: Typical development and the impact of autism spectrum disorder

Mihalache

Sokol‐Hessner²,

Feng³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…In keeping with Zigler's emphasis on the need to integrate developmental theory into the study of persons with ID (Burack et al 2020;Burack et al 2021), we attempt to frame the findings within recent conceptualisations of the development of attention (Ristic & Enns 2015a,b;Risko & Kingstone 2017). The term attention denotes the conglomeration of unconscious and conscious functions used to make sense of the deluge of information to which we are exposed in the dynamic, complex and ever-changing environment in which we live (Burack et al 2017).…”

Section: Advances In the Study Of Visual Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risko et al 2012;Brennan et al 2017;Hayward et al 2017). Thus, current advances in attention research include efforts to better replicate the contexts within which attention functions, thereby answering the call to address the now well-accepted reality that the development of attention is a product of complex person-environment interactions (Johnson & De Haan 2015;Ristic & Enns 2015a,b;Risko & Kingstone 2017).…”

Section: Advances In the Study Of Visual Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐visiting the ‘mysterious myth of attention deficit’: A systematic review of the recent evidence

Burack

Friedman

Lessage

et al. 2022

J intellect Disabil Res

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Based on the inclusive and methodologically rigorous framework provided by Ed Zigler's developmental approach, we previously challenged what we called, 'the mysterious myth of attention deficit', the fallacy of attention as a universal deficit among persons with intellectual disability (ID). In this latest update, we conducted a systematic review of studies of essential components of attention among persons with ID published in the interim since the last iteration of the mysterious myth narrative was submitted for publication approximately a decade ago. We searched the databases PubMed and PsycINFO for English-language peer-reviewed studies published from 1 January 2011 through 5 February 2021. In keeping with the developmental approach, the two essential methodological criteria were that the groups of persons with ID were aetiologically homogeneous and that the comparisons with persons with average IQs (or with available norms) were based on an appropriate index of developmental level, or mental age. Stringent use of these criteria for inclusion served to control for bias in article selection. Articles were then categorised based on aetiological group studied and component of visual attention. Based on these criteria, 18 articles were selected for inclusion out of the 2837 that were identified. The included studies involved 547 participants: 201 participants with Down syndrome, 214 participants with Williams syndrome and 132 participants with fragile X syndrome. The findings from these articles call attention to the complexities and nuances in understanding attentional functioning across homogeneous aetiological groups and highlight that functioning must be considered in relation to aetiology; factors associated with the individual, such as developmental level, motivation, styles and biases; and factors associated with both the task, such as context, focus, social and emotional implications, and levels of environmental complexity.

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“…As such, there are certainly shortcomings in transferring knowledge from computer-based visual search studies to real-world search behavior. The need to employ more naturalistic paradigms has recently been recognized in experimental psychology in general [5][6][7][8][9]. The fundamental discrepancy between classical laboratory research and real-world search behavior has been identified and can be addressed by two general approaches: (1) investigating real-world behavior and simplifying paradigms afterwards (cognitive ethology, [7]) and (2) extending classical visual search research by, for example, the employment of naturalistic scenes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Interactive Search: Investigating Visual Search in a Novel Real-World Paradigm

2020

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An overwhelming majority of studies on visual search and selective attention were conducted using computer screens. There are arguably shortcomings in transferring knowledge from computer-based studies to real-world search behavior as findings are based on viewing static pictures on computer screens. This does not go well with the dynamic and interactive nature of vision in the real world. It is crucial to take visual search research to the real world in order to study everyday visual search processes. The aim of the present study was to develop an interactive search paradigm that can serve as a “bridge” between classical computerized search and everyday interactive search. We based our search paradigm on simple LEGO® bricks arranged on tabletop trays to ensure comparability with classical computerized visual search studies while providing room for easily increasing the complexity of the search environment. We found that targets were grasped slower when there were more distractors (Experiment 1) and there were sizable differences between various search conditions (Experiment 2), largely in line with classical visual search research and revealing similarities to research in natural scenes. Therefore, our paradigm can be seen as a valuable asset complementing visual search research in an environment between computerized search and everyday search.

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Everyday attention.

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Gaze perception from head and pupil rotations in 2D and 3D: Typical development and the impact of autism spectrum disorder

Gaze perception from head and pupil rotations in 2D and 3D: Typical development and the impact of autism spectrum disorder

Re‐visiting the ‘mysterious myth of attention deficit’: A systematic review of the recent evidence

Towards Interactive Search: Investigating Visual Search in a Novel Real-World Paradigm

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