Everything has Its Time: Narrow Temporal Windows are Associated with High Levels of Autistic Traits Via Weaknesses in Multisensory Integration

Kawakami, Sayaka; Uono, Shota; Otsuka, Sadao; Zhao, Shuo; Toichi, Motomi

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3762-z

Cited by 21 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Although we did not find a group difference in TBW, this may have been due to lack of statistical power. Indeed, post-hoc power analyses showed that the statistical powers were low for non-significant correlations (< 0.4) and a previous finding regarding significant relationships among autistic traits, TBW size, and SIFI susceptibility in the TD group (Kawakami et al 2018) was not replicated in the present study. It is possible that a higherpowered study would have observed these effects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…However, Stevenson et al ( 2014 ) found that children with ASD were less likely to perceive the SIFI than were TD children. Kawakami et al ( 2018 ) also demonstrated that young adults with high levels of autistic traits in a general population were less likely to perceive the SIFI than those with low levels of such traits. In addition to differences in the demographic characteristics of the clinical population (e.g., intellectual ability, age, and gender), methodological differences in the experimental design used might have affected the results regarding SIFI susceptibility in different groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The former study presented a single flash with two to four beeps in the illusory trials and reported increased SIFI perception in children with ASD (Foss-Feig et al 2010 ). In contrast, the latter studies presented a single flash with two beeps in the illusory trials and varied the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between beeps with and without a flash, and reported that children with ASD (Stevenson et al 2014 ) and TD adults with high levels of autistic traits (Kawakami et al 2018 ) are less likely to perceive the SIFI. The present study tried to replicate the reduced perception of the SIFI in adults with ASD by presenting a single flash with two beeps in illusory trials (Kawakami et al 2018 ; Stevenson et al 2014 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A recent study showed that TBW narrowing through training is associated with reduced SIFI susceptibility, suggesting the importance of the TBW in multisensory integration (Setti et al 2014 ). In addition, studies have reported that TBW size is associated with cognitive functioning (Zmigrod and Zmigrod 2016 ) and the severity of clinically important features (Kawakami et al 2018 for autistic traits; Stevenson et al 2017 for hallucinations). These reports suggest that adaptive social and cognitive functioning depend on the appropriate size of the TBW such that a too-wide TBW is associated with a tendency toward integrating unrelated information whereas a too-narrow TBW is related to difficulties with integrating sensory inputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kawakami

Uono

Otsuka

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

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The present study examined the relationship between multisensory integration and the temporal binding window (TBW) for multisensory processing in adults with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The ASD group was less likely than the typically developing group to perceive an illusory flash induced by multisensory integration during a sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) task. Although both groups showed comparable TBWs during the multisensory temporal order judgment task, correlation analyses and Bayes factors provided moderate evidence that the reduced SIFI susceptibility was associated with the narrow TBW in the ASD group. These results suggest that the individuals with ASD exhibited atypical multisensory integration and that individual differences in the efficacy of this process might be affected by the temporal processing of multisensory information.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kawakami

Uono

Otsuka

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Additionally, the research conducted by Kawakami and colleagues (2018) suggests that the narrowness of the temporal binding window and the accompanying deficiency in multisensory integration is associated with higher levels of autistic traits. Specifically, multisensory integration deficiency appears to be linked to problems with social skills, suggesting that multisensory integration and the temporal binding window are important for appropriate social interactions, especially when these interactions occur as a continuous flow of events (Kawakami et al, 2018). Zmigrod and Zmigrod (2016) found that a narrower temporal binding window was associated with increased sensitivity (and thus, improved performance) on Raven's APM and RAT tests.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Audiovisual Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in multiple object tracking, attentional cueing, and age account for variability in the capacity of audiovisual integration

Wilbiks

Beatteay

2020

Atten Percept Psychophys

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There has been a recent increase in individual differences research within the field of audiovisual perception (Spence & Squire, 2003), and furthering the understanding of audiovisual integration capacity with an individual differences approach is an important facet within this line of research. Across four experiments, participants were asked to complete an audiovisual integration capacity task (cf. Van der Burg et al., 2013; Wilbiks & Dyson, 2016; 2018), along with differing combinations of additional perceptual tasks. Experiment 1 employed a multiple object tracking task and a visual working memory task. Experiment 2 compared performance on the capacity task with that of the attention network test. Experiment 3 examined participants' focus in space through a Navon task and vigilance through time. Having completed this exploratory work, in Experiment 4 we collected data again from the tasks that were found to correlate significantly across the first three experiments and entered them into a regression model to predict capacity. The current research provides a preliminary explanation of the vast individual differences seen in audiovisual integration capacity in previous research, showing that by considering an individual's multiple object tracking span, focus in space, and attentional factors, we can account for up to 34.3% of the observed variation in capacity. Future research should seek to examine higher-level differences between individuals that may contribute to audiovisual integration capacity, including neurodevelopmental and mental health differences.

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Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2‐Year‐Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2020

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience differences in visual temporal processing, the part of vision responsible for parsing continuous input into discrete objects and events. Here we investigated temporal processing in 2‐year‐old toddlers diagnosed with ASD and age‐matched typically developing (TD) toddlers. We used a visual search task where the visibility of the target was determined by the pace of a display sequence. On integration trials, each display viewed alone had no visible target, but if integrated over time, the target became visible. On segmentation trials, the target became visible only when displays were perceptually segmented. We measured the percent of trials when participants fixated the target as a function of the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between displays. We computed the crossover point of the integration and segmentation performance functions for each group, an estimate of the temporal integration window (TIW), the period in which visual input is combined. We found that both groups of toddlers had significantly longer TIWs (125 ms) than adults (65 ms) from previous studies using the same paradigm, and that toddlers with ASD had significantly shorter TIWs (108 ms) than chronologically age‐matched TD controls (142 ms). Lay Summary We investigated how young children, with and without autism, organize dynamic visual information across time, using a visual search paradigm. We found that toddlers with autism had higher temporal resolution than typically developing (TD) toddlers of the same age – that is, they are more likely to be able to detect rapid change across time, relative to TD toddlers. These differences in visual temporal processing can impact how one sees, interprets, and interacts with the world. Autism Res 2021, 14: 946–958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Everything has Its Time: Narrow Temporal Windows are Associated with High Levels of Autistic Traits Via Weaknesses in Multisensory Integration

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individual differences in multiple object tracking, attentional cueing, and age account for variability in the capacity of audiovisual integration

Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2‐Year‐Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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