“Everything is not everywhere”: Time‐calibrated phylogeography of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada)

Abstract

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Community assembly and metaphylogeography of soil biodiversity: insights from haplotype-level community DNA metabarcoding within an oceanic island

“…Arthropod mesofaunal lineages typically exhibit various adaptations to soil environments, including the reduction of wings, eyes, and legs, and are thus likely to be limited in their propensity for active dispersal (Decaëns, 2010;Wardle, 2002). When extrapolated over extended periods of evolutionary time, such dispersal limitation is consistent with the high turnover across limited spatial scales and high local endemicity that has been reported for soil mesofaunal lineages (e.g., Andújar et al, 2017;Arribas, Andújar, Salces-Castellano, Emerson, & Vogler, 2021;Cicconardi, Nardi, Emerson, Frati, & Fanciulli, 2010;Collins, Hogg, Convey, Barnes, & McDonald, 2019;Morek, Surmacz, López-López, & Michalczyk, 2021). However, it has also been argued that their small body size and often high local abundances may increase the probability of passive dispersal and long-distance movement (Ettema & Wardle, 2002;Thakur et al, 2019), supporting the "Everything is everywhere but environment selects" hypothesis for soil mesofauna (Fenchel & Finlay, 2004;Finlay, 2002).…”

The importance of being integrative: a remarkable case of synonymy in the genus Viridiscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae)

“…The association of even a single variable marker, such as COI or ITS-2, with the morphological characterization of a new taxon greatly reduces the chance of taxonomic inflation without being costly in terms of effort or money. Moreover, integrative redescriptions, especially for the type species of genera and species complexes, seem more important than the description of ‘regular’ new species because poorly described type taxa often constitute a serious obstacle to elucidating the biodiversity of a given lineage (e.g., see [ 48 ] for heterotardigrades and [ 49 ] for eutardigrades). Abandoning classical taxonomy means that when it is not possible to obtain DNA data (e.g., when only old material or specimens preserved on slides are available), the description of some taxa will be postponed indefinitely until new material becomes available.…”

Reaching the Monophyly: Re-Evaluation of the Enigmatic Species Tenuibiotus hyperonyx (Maucci, 1983) and the Genus Tenuibiotus (Eutardigrada)

“…Over the last ten years, the implementation of molecular techniques and taxonomic analyses by means of an integrative approach have accelerated the emergence of new species being characterized morphologically and genetically in detail, e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The acquisition and accumulation of genetic data tightly associated with phenotypic information enhanced studies on two major subjects in tardigrade taxonomy: (i) The recognition and disentanglement of cryptic/pseudocryptic diversity, e.g., [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and (ii) the construction of comprehensive molecular phylogenies at the family level or higher that considerably impacted tardigrade systematics, e.g., [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Notably, there were not only integrative descriptions of new species for science that have contributed greatly to these subjects' investigation, but also revisional notes with updated diagnoses and new information on already-known taxa, e.g., [31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”