Evidence against the smooth endoplasmic reticulum as a continuous channel for the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase

LaVail, Jennifer H.; Rapisardi, Salvatore C.; Sugino, Ilene K.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90311-x

Cited by 59 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These changes consisted of abundance of either SER or other membranous organelles (cf. Lavail et al, 1980), decrease in mitochondrial number and distortion of the usual parallel array of the microtubules and neurofilaments (see Fig. 8).…”

Section: Qualitative Ultrastructural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultrastructural studies of young and old mouse neuromuscular junctions

1982

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The ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction of young and old male CBF-1 mice was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The age-related findings were similar in both the phasic extensor digitorum longus muscle and the tonic soleus muscle but more pronounced in the latter. Presynaptic terminals of old mice compared to young showed decreases in nerve terminal area, mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, but increases in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, cisternae, microtubules and probably neurofilaments. On the postsynaptic side there were increases in complexity of junctional folds and subsarcolemmal vesicles, and the appearance of lipofuscin deposits. Occasional denervated postsynaptic regions were encountered in old neuromuscular junctions, but the predominant characteristics of aging changes were not those of denervation. Rather, a unique and uniform process involving most of the population of nerve terminals, possibly of physiologically adaptive significance, appears to occur with age in both phasic and tonic limb muscles.

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Section: Qualitative Ultrastructural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultrastructural studies of young and old mouse neuromuscular junctions

1982

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“…Once they arrive at the nerve endings, they must be incorporated into synaptic organelles or contribute to the smaller stream of retrograde traffic which apparently consists of discrete endocytic vesicles and tubules, and larger degradative organelles such as MVBs and autophagic vacuoles (e.g. LaVail et al, 1980;Tsukita & Ishikawa, 1980). Because neither axotomy nor stimulation alters the rate of rapid axoplasmic transport (Dahlstrom, 1967;Jankowska et al, 1969;Lubinska & Niemierko, 1971;Lux et al, 1970; see also Grafstein & Forman, 1980), the present experiments provide information about two aspects of membrane exchange between the axon and its nerve terminals.…”

Section: Membrane Exchange Between Axon and Nerve Endingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of chronic stimulation on the morphology of the frog neuromuscular junction

Lynch

1982

J Neurocytol

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A quantitative study was made of the effects of 24 h continuous stimulation on the morphology of the frog neuromuscular junction. The synaptic vesicle concentration in the nerve endings of frog sartorius muscles stimulated in vitro for 24 h at 2 Hz was the same as that in controls stimulated for only 0.3 h at 2 Hz. The control preparations were either freshly dissected or maintained at rest in vitro for 23 h prior to stimulation. Chronically stimulated terminals differed from their controls only in having more cisternae and fewer dense cored vesicles. Varying the lengths of the nerves to both chronically stimulated an in vitro control muscles had little effect on the morphology of the nerve endings. Continuous recording of muscle twitch tension demonstrated that neurotransmission was effective throughout the 24 h period of stimulation. Additional evidence that nerve failure or degeneration was not a factor in the results came from a second set of control and chronically stimulated preparations that were tetanized at 30 Hz for 0.3 h before fixation. Changes attributable to rapid stimulation were evident in 87 to 100% of their nerve terminals. Although the distribution of membrane among various membrane organelles differed from one treatment group to another, the total amount of measurable membrane in the nerve terminals was the same in all of the treatment groups; that is, the total amount of membrane was not altered by maintenance in vitro, chronic stimulation at 2 Hz, rapid stimulation at 30 Hz, reduced nerve length, or any tested combination of these treatments. This conservation of total membrane suggests that membrane exchange between axon and nerve terminal occurs at a relatively slow rate which is unaffected by synaptic activity, and that the local mechanism for recycling synaptic vesicle membrane in frog neuromuscular junctions is more autonomous and durable than has been suspected.

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“…These vesicles were linked to each other and the SER and may represent structures that bud off from the SER (14). Some of them may represent the smooth vesicles that undergo retrograde transport (16,17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural networks in growth cones and neurites of cultured central nervous system neurons.

Tsui¹,

Ris²,

Klein³

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We have examined growth cones and neurites of cultured central nervous system neurons by high-voltage electron microscopy. Embryonic chicken retina cells were cultured on polylysine-treated and Formvar-coated gold grids for 2-6 days, fixed, and critical point dried. Growth cones and neurites were examined as unembedded whole mounts. Three-dimensional images from stereo-pair electron micrographs of these regions showed a high degree of ultrastructural articulation, with distinct, nontapering filaments (5-9 nm in diameter) joining both cytoskeletal and membranous components. In the central regions of growth cones, interconnected structures included microtubules, large membranous sacs (up to 400 nm), and irregular vesicles (25-75 nm). A denser filamentous network was prevalent at the edges of growth cones. This network, which frequently adjoined the surface membrane, linked vesicles of uniform size (35-40 nm). Such vesicles often were seen densely packed in growth cone protrusions that were about the size of small synaptic boutons. Prevalent structural interconnections within growth cones conceivably could play a logistic role in specific membrane assembly, intracellular transport, endocytosis, and secretion. Because such processes are not unique to growth cones, the extensive linkages we have observed may have implications for cytoplasmic structure in general.

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Evidence against the smooth endoplasmic reticulum as a continuous channel for the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase

Cited by 59 publications

References 29 publications

Ultrastructural studies of young and old mouse neuromuscular junctions

Ultrastructural studies of young and old mouse neuromuscular junctions

The effects of chronic stimulation on the morphology of the frog neuromuscular junction

Ultrastructural networks in growth cones and neurites of cultured central nervous system neurons.

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