Evidence and Limits of Universal Topological Surface Segregation of Cyclic Polymers

Double-Copy Structure of One-Loop Open-String Amplitudes

“…The first loop-level generalization of the gravitational double copy was found by Bern, Carrasco and Johansson (BCJ) [3]: Gauge-theory ingredients in a suitable gauge can be conjecturally squared to gravitational loop integrands at the level of cubic diagrams. The gauge dependence of the BCJ construction has been recently bypassed through a generalized double copy [4] -see [5] for an impressive five-loop application -and a one-loop KLT formula in field theory [6].…”

“…, D−1 in D spacetime dimensions) involve tensor structures such as e m 1 t 8 (2, 3, 4, 5) and k m 2 s12 t 8 (12,3,4,5). The t 8 tensor with multiparticle insertions is defined in [6], and e i denotes the polarization vector of the ith gluon. Here and in the following, groups of external-state labels in a subscript that are separated by a comma (rather than a vertical bar) can be freely interchanged, e.g.…”

Surface Segregation of Cyclic Chains in Binary Melts of Thin Polymer Films: The Influence of Constituent Concentration

“…Recently, numerical work has been published to provide some insight into the microscopic mechanisms governing topologically-driven preferential adsorption of one of the two polymers at the interface [27,28,29]. Specifically, one system that has been subject of intense study is a blend of linear and cyclic polymers, where the strategy of mixing up a closed-loop and an open-loop polymer architecture is probed as a microscopic tool for modifying the interfacial properties [14,30]. The interest in computational models of linear-cyclic polymer blends is because these blends have been engineered recently thanks to new advances in synthetic chemistry [30,31,32].…”

“…Specifically, one system that has been subject of intense study is a blend of linear and cyclic polymers, where the strategy of mixing up a closed-loop and an open-loop polymer architecture is probed as a microscopic tool for modifying the interfacial properties [14,30]. The interest in computational models of linear-cyclic polymer blends is because these blends have been engineered recently thanks to new advances in synthetic chemistry [30,31,32]. However, numerical and experimental studies of this system were conducted mainly in the limit where cyclic-chains are less concentrated than linear ones, while the effect of changing the concentration over a more extended range is still unexplored.…”

“…The main aim of this paper is to fill the gap of knowledge regarding the effect of concentration on interfacial properties of cyclic-linear polymer mixtures exposed to vacuum, by performing extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We also change the chain lengths of the polymer species, which, for these systems, was shown to play an important role [30,33], by considering the two limiting cases of short and long chains (10-mers and 100-mers, respectively).…”