Evidence and modeling of paired ions and other loss mechanisms in erbium-doped silica fibers

Wysocki, Paul F.; Wagener, J.L.; Digonnet, Michel J. F.; Shaw, H.J.

doi:10.1117/12.141147

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, the presence of pairs or larger clusters of Er ions will give rise to an upwards bending of the upconversion curve, but so will also homogeneous upconversion, according to the simulation results presented in this paper. 7 Thus, the simulation results could have important implications for the interpretation of experimental results, when it comes to separating the upconversion contributions of homogeneously and clustered Er ions with the purpose of estimating the fraction of clustered ions. Furthermore, for erbium-doped waveguiding structures in which homogeneous upconversion plays a significant role, the simulation results can be expected to have importance for the design of amplifying components.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restrictions apply. By inserting (27) can be rewritten as (28) identical to (7). Next, we consider the joint probability of finding the Er ions and both excited to the manifold.…”

Section: Appendix Derivation Of Differential Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quenching of Er ions through energy-transfer upconversion is usually divided into a contribution from homogeneously distributed Er ions and a contribution from clustered Er ions [4]- [7]. The formation of clusters depends on the fabrication process and the use of co-dopants and may thus to some degree be avoided [8], [9].…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulations Of Homogeneous Upconversion In Erbiumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this classical quenching theory deals with donors and acceptors of distinct sorts and is-as will be demonstrated-not adequate for the treatment of self-quenching in Er systems. 1 In the literature on high-concentration Er -doped devices, homogeneous upconversion is often assumed to depend quadratically on the population of the level, i.e., the number of upconversion processes occurring per time and volume unit is written where is the population concentration of the manifold, and is an upconversion coefficient [3], [4], [6], [7], [18], [22]. The equivalent average quenching rate experienced by an Er ion in the manifold is .…”

Section: Detailed Model For Homogeneous Upconversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo simulations of homogeneous upconversion in erbium-doped silica glasses

Philipsen

Bjarklev²

1997

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-Quenching of Er3+ ions by homogeneous energytransfer upconversion in high-concentration erbium-doped silica glasses has been theoretically investigated. The results indicate that at Er 3+ concentrations of 1.0-2.0110 26 m 03 or below, the kinetic limit of strong migration is not reached, and hence the widely accepted quadratic upconversion model is not generally valid. Nevertheless, the results offer an explanation of the experimental observations of quadratic upconversion. Furthermore, it has been shown that at a given population inversion, the quenching rate depends on the rate of exchange of the excited Er 3+ ions by emission and absorption.

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Section: Monte Carlo Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restrictions apply. By inserting (27) can be rewritten as (28) identical to (7). Next, we consider the joint probability of finding the Er ions and both excited to the manifold.…”

Section: Appendix Derivation Of Differential Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monte Carlo Simulations Of Homogeneous Upconversion In Erbiumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detailed Model For Homogeneous Upconversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo simulations of homogeneous upconversion in erbium-doped silica glasses

Philipsen

Bjarklev²

1997

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…Nonuniform distribution of erbium ions in silica host may lead to catastrophic increase in luminescence concentration quenching [2]. In contrast to fused silica, the solubility of lanthanides in phosphate glasses is much higher and rare-earth ion cluster formation is not typical for them.…”

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confidence: 99%

Up-conversion losses in different erbium-doped laser glasses

2015

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for rare-earth ion cluster formation. Nonuniform distribution of erbium ions in silica host may lead to catastrophic increase in luminescence concentration quenching [2]. In contrast to fused silica, the solubility of lanthanides in phosphate glasses is much higher and rare-earth ion cluster formation is not typical for them.The particular focus of this work is the investigation of heavily erbium-doped glasses that may provide high gain per unit length. We have chosen several known multicomponent laser glasses (phosphate and silicate based) that have high capacity of rare-earth ion doping level (one or two order of magnitude higher than usually used fused silica-based glasses). Optical fibers on the base of such heavily activated glasses [3] as well as channel wave guides with high gain per unit length can enhance the development of compact photonic modules. Figure 1 illustrates the up-conversion process in Eractivated materials. Two interacting Er ions excited at 4 I 13/2 level give birth to one Er ion excited at 4 I 9/2 level. In oxide glasses, the excitations from this level relax very rapidly to the 4 I 11/2 state and then back to 4 I 13/2 level. Thus, one of the two excitations at the upper laser level is dissipated into heat. Usually, radiationless energy losses caused by upconversion processes are described by following equation where n is the excited ion density at the 4 I 13/2 level, τ-radiative lifetime, and α-nonlinear quenching parameter (up-conversion parameter). The value of α depends on spectroscopic properties of erbium ions and on their spatial distribution in definite glass host.The solution of this equation can be expressed in the following way:(1) dn/dt = −n/τ − αn 2(2) n(t) = n 0 exp (−t/τ )/[1 + αn 0 τ (1 − exp (−t/τ ))]Abstract Up-conversion can be the main mechanism of energy losses in laser glasses with high concentration of erbium ions. This investigation is devoted to the evaluation of up-conversion parameters in several phosphate and silicate Er-doped glasses. Analysis of the luminescent lifetime shortening at high excitation level has shown that the up-conversion parameters in different glasses can differ by an order of magnitude. The smallest up-conversion was observed in Ba crown silicate glass and Li-Ln-phosphate glass.

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