Evidence appraisal: a scoping review, conceptual framework, and research agenda

Goldstein, Andrew; Venker, Eric; Weng, Chunhua

doi:10.1093/jamia/ocx050

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The presentation itself mainly contains details of the article, a general overview, the author's perspective, and the critical appraisal. 7 Particularly, the latter part should inspire broader and deeper critical discussion. Finally, the conclusion regarding the merits and demerits of the article may lead to improved knowledge or to identify a knowledge gap that indicates the need for further research.…”

Section: Importance Of a Journal Clubmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing and Presenting Journal Club Content: An Essential Component of Homeopathic Learning

Dutta

Ghosh

2020

Homeopathy

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Homeopathic education has passed through significant incremental changes in the past few years, where especially postgraduate education has become increasingly slanted toward advanced knowledge of clinical work and research methods. Among many educational activities, a great source of learning is from presenting at or attending a journal club meeting, which is a gathering of people to learn and to critically appraise a journal article or other study material. There has been little previous guidance in homeopathy regarding how to prepare and present journal club content. Selection of a suitable topic is one of the critical prerequisites. Each and every step, from preparation to presentation, needs to be carefully planned and considered. For the meeting to be successful, the final discussion phase requires the active participation and critical insight of all those attending.

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Section: Importance Of a Journal Clubmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing and Presenting Journal Club Content: An Essential Component of Homeopathic Learning

Dutta

Ghosh

2020

Homeopathy

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“…Evidence-based medicine aims to integrate the best available evidence in decision-making processes (Sackett, 1997). Evidence appraisal, defined as “critical appraisal of published clinical studies via evaluation and interpretation by informed stakeholders” (Goldstein et al, 2017), is an important means of assessing the quality of published clinical research. Subsequently, evidence appraisal allows understanding of the characteristics, strengths, and flaws of research and the planning of knowledge translation and future research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, evidence appraisal, albeit ubiquitously present in journal comments, blogs, journal clubs and conference proceedings, is currently under-studied and appraisal knowledge, underutilized. As part of an informatics research agenda (Goldstein et al, 2017;Sahin et al, 2018) on evidence appraisal, we have acquired appraisal data and have developed an initial evidence appraisal knowledge representation through an iterative terminology development process. This knowledge representation is a list of codes that can be used to classify appraisals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of evidence appraisals for interventional studies in family medicine using an informatics approach

Sahin

Goldstein

Weng

2019

Prim Health Care Res Dev

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This study reports the first assessment of published comments in the family medicine literature using structured codes, which produced commentary annotations that will be the foundation of a knowledge base of appraisals of family medicine trials. Evidence appraisal occurs in a variety of formats and serves to shed light on the quality of research. However, scientific discourse generally and evidence appraisal in particular has not itself been analyzed for insights. A search strategy was devised to identify all journal comments indexed in PubMed linked to controlled intervention studies published in a recent 15-year period in major family medicine journals. A previously developed structured representation in the form of a list of appraisal concepts was used to formally annotate and categorize the journal comments through an iterative process. Trends in family medicine evidence appraisal were then analyzed. A total of 93 comments on studies from five journals over 15 years were included in the analysis. Two thirds of extracted appraisals were negative criticisms. All appraisals of measurement instruments were negative (100%). The participants baseline characteristics, the author discussions, and the design of the interventions were also criticized (respectively 91.7%, 84.6% and 83.3% negative). In contrast, appraisals of the scientific basis of the studies were positive (81.8%). The categories with the most appraisals were, most generally, those focused on the study design, and most specifically, those focused on the scientific basis. This study provides a new data-driven approach to review scientific discourse regarding the strengths and limitations of research within academic family medicine. This methodology can potentially generalize to other medical domains. Structured appraisal data generated here will enable future clinical, scientific, and policy decision-making and broader meta-research in family medicine.

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“…However, the weak interfacial interaction between polymers and graphene often deteriorates nanocomposites’ properties and limits their application [16,17,18,19]. Therefore, a lot of methods have been used to reinforce interfacial interaction of nanocomposites [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Different Polymer Chain Structure to Study π-π Interaction between Polymer and Reduced Graphene Oxide

et al. 2018

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In this work, a different polymer chain structure was synthesized to study π-π interactions between polymer and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Polymers with different chain structures were obtained from free radical copolymerization of styrene with 4-cyanostyrene (containing substituted phenyl rings) and 2-vinylnaphthalene (containing naphthalene rings). In this work, the polystyrene, poly(styrene- co -4-cyanostyrene) and poly(styrene- co -2-vinylnaphthalene) were named as PS, PSCN and PSNP, respectively. RGO was prepared through modified Hummers’ method and further thermal reduction, and nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending. Thus, different π-π interactions were formed between polymers and RGO. Raman and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the interfacial interaction, showing that the trend of the interfacial interaction should be in the order of RGO/PSCN, RGO/PS, and RGO/PSNP. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement showed that, compared with polymer matrix, the glass transition temperature (T g ) of RGO/PS, RGO/PSCN and RGO/PSNP nanocomposites with the addition of 4.0 wt% RGO are increased by 14.3 °C, 25.2 °C and 4.4 °C, respectively. Compared with π-π interaction only formed through aromatic rings, substituent groups changed the densities of electron clouds on the phenyl rings. This change resulted in the formation of donor-acceptor interaction and reinforcement of the π-π interaction at the interface, which leads to increased value of T g . This comparative study can be useful for selecting appropriate interaction groups, as well as suitable monomers, to prepare high performance nanocomposites.

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Evidence appraisal: a scoping review, conceptual framework, and research agenda

Abstract: Evidence appraisal faces several challenges, but implementing an informatics research agenda would likely help realize the potential of evidence appraisal for improving the rigor and value of clinical evidence.

Cited by 23 publications

References 180 publications

Preparing and Presenting Journal Club Content: An Essential Component of Homeopathic Learning

Preparing and Presenting Journal Club Content: An Essential Component of Homeopathic Learning

Analysis of evidence appraisals for interventional studies in family medicine using an informatics approach

Construction of a Different Polymer Chain Structure to Study π-π Interaction between Polymer and Reduced Graphene Oxide

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