Evidence-based behavioral medicine: What is it and how do we achieve it?

Davidson, Karina W.; Goldstein, Michael G.; Kaplan, Robert M.; Kaufmann, Peter; Knatterud, Genell L.; Orleans, C. Tracy; Spring, Bonnie; Trudeau, Kimberlee J.; Whitlock, Evelyn P

doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2603_01

Cited by 357 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), the optimal number of groupings (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) were examined for suitability using measures of Internal Validity (Dunn's Index) and Stability (Figure of Merit, FOM) [34]. Bootstrap methods were used in conjunction with the HCA, whereby data were resampled 10,000 times, to identify which groupings were strongly supported by the data.…”

Section: : Investigating Hierarchical Structure Of the Bct Listmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replication, implementation, evidence synthesis and identifying active components are all necessary if we are to better understand the effects and mechanisms of behavior change interventions and to accumulate knowledge to inform the development of more effective interventions. However, the poor description of interventions in research protocols and published reports presents a barrier to these essential scientific and translational processes [2,3]. A well-specified intervention is essential before evaluation of effectiveness is worth undertaking: an under-specified intervention cannot be delivered with fidelity and, if evaluated, could not be replicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As currently constituted, CONSORT gives no guidance as to what this description or components should be. Intervention components have been identified by Davidson et al [3] as: who delivers the intervention, to whom, how often, for how long, in what format, in what context and with what content. These are mainly procedures for delivery (often referred to as "mode" of delivery), except for the key intervention component, "content", i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques: Building an International Consensus for the Reporting of Behavior Change Interventions

et al. 2013

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Section: : Investigating Hierarchical Structure Of the Bct Listmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques: Building an International Consensus for the Reporting of Behavior Change Interventions

et al. 2013

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“…In particular, it is imperative that researchers report their interventions in greater detail (eg, intensity, duration and fidelity of FMS tasks, characteristics of facilitators and participants) 69 . More evidence is needed to determine which pedagogic approach and program components are associated with enhanced FMS competence and the optimal dose, duration, and intensity of interventions.…”

Section: Implications and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Movement Skill Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND: Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency is positively associated with physical activity and fitness levels. The objective of this study was to systematically review evidence for the benefits of FMS interventions targeting youth. METHODS:A search with no date restrictions was conducted across 7 databases. Studies included any school-, home-, or community-based intervention for typically developing youth with clear intent to improve FMS proficiency and that reported statistical analysis of FMS competence at both preintervention and at least 1 other postintervention time point. Study designs included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using experimental and quasi-experimental designs and single group pre-post trials. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers.RESULTS: Twenty-two articles (6 RCTs, 13 quasi-experimental trials, 3 pre-post trials) describing 19 interventions were included. All but 1 intervention were evaluated in primary/elementary schools. All studies reported significant intervention effects for $1 FMS. Metaanalyses revealed large effect sizes for overall gross motor proficiency (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-2.16, Z = 3.77, P , .0002) and locomotor skill competency (SMD = 1.42, 95% CI 0.56-2.27, Z = 3.25, P = .001). A medium effect size for object control skill competency was observed (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.28-0.98, Z = 3.53, P = .0004). Many studies scored poorly for risk of bias items.

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“…Davidson et al, (2003) have augmented these guidelines by proposing that behavioral scientists should also report (1) the content or elements of the intervention, (2) characteristics of the those delivering the intervention, (3) characteristics of the recipients, (4) the setting (e.g., worksite), (5) the mode of delivery (e.g., face-to-face) (6) the intensity (e.g., contact time), (7) the duration (e.g., number sessions over a given period) and (8) adherence to delivery protocols. Such standardization combined with use of standard measures of behavior change (e.g., Semaan et al, 2002) should greatly accelerate the identification of factors associated with behavior change.…”

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confidence: 99%

A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions.

2008

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Objective: Without standardized definitions of the techniques included in behavior change interventions it is difficult to faithfully replicate effective interventions and challenging to identify techniques contributing to effectiveness across interventions. This research aimed to develop and test a theory-linked taxonomy of generally-applicable behavior change techniques (BCTs).Design: Twenty six BCTs were defined. Two psychologists used a five-page coding manual to independently judge the presence or absence of each technique in published intervention descriptions and in intervention manuals.Results: Three systematic reviews yielded 195 published descriptions. Across 78 reliability tests (i.e., 26 techniques applied to 3 reviews), the average Kappa per technique was 0.79 with 93% of judgments being agreements. Interventions were found to vary widely in the range and type of techniques employed, even when targeting the same behavior among similar participants. The average agreement for intervention manuals was 85% and a comparison of BCTs identified in 13 manuals and 13 published articles describing the same interventions generated a technique correspondence rate of 74% with most mismatches (73%) arising from identification of a technique in the manual but not in the article. For example, a reviewer might observe that some interventions employ goal setting alone while others combine goal setting with self-monitoring and feedback (as might be suggested by control theory; Carver & Scheier, 1982). If the latter group were found to be consistently more effective than the former this would indicate that the combination of these three techniques (rather then goal setting alone) was critical to effectiveness. Unfortunately, categorization of intervention content is problematic because a standardized vocabulary which defines intervention components has not been developed. Consequently, different reviewers use different approaches to categorizing intervention content (cf. Albarracín, Gillete, Earl, Glasman & Durantini, 2005;. This may mean that particular techniques or content characteristics which distinguish between interventions remain unidentified. If such "unseen" content differences are associated with effectiveness then researchers will remain unaware of how intervention content determines effectiveness, thereby impeding the design of optimally effective interventions. ConclusionsMeta-analysis has demonstrated that inclusion of particular intervention techniques is associated with to effectiveness. For example, Albarracín et al. (2005) showed that 10 distinct techniques (e.g., provision of factual information, attitudinal arguments and normative arguments) could be reliably identified in published descriptions of interventions designed to promote condom use. These reviewers identified which techniques were associated with effectiveness and how technique effectiveness was moderated by the recipients. For example, provision of normative arguments was found to be associated with effectiveness for audiences u...

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Evidence-based behavioral medicine: What is it and how do we achieve it?

Cited by 357 publications

References 33 publications

The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques: Building an International Consensus for the Reporting of Behavior Change Interventions

The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques: Building an International Consensus for the Reporting of Behavior Change Interventions

Fundamental Movement Skill Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions.

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