Evidence-Based Cervical Cancer Screening: The Modern Evolution of the Pap Smear

Lappen, Justin R.; Gossett, Dana R.

doi:10.5772/37717

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…This is also seen in 880 samples studied by Ranabhat et al, 10 where 80% of all epithelial abnormality was seen in patients more than 40 years of age. Proportion of ASCUS (3.2%) is similar to the report given in Evidence Based Medicine (4%) 11 and Vaghela et al 12 (2.8%).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

Sharma

Baral

Dangal

2014

Nepal j. obstet. gynaecol.

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Aims: This study was done to find out age wise distribution pattern, cellular abnormality and adequacy of Pap smears. Methods:A retrospective study of 4800 Pap smears based on laboratory database was done from 2008 to 2011 at Helping Hands Community Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Graphical method was used for normality test and frequency analysis was done using SPSS 16.Results: Out of 4794 analysable data 4.21% had abnormal cytology, all high-grade lesions were in 51-65 age group and 0.06% were detected as carcinoma. Age group of 30-65 years covers four-fifth of the samples (3811, 79.4%) and 85.6% of abnormal cytology (173 out of 202) with maximum samples (3313, 69%) at 30-50 years and 55.44% of abnormal cytology. Only 5.4% of samples categorized as inadequate by Bethesda reporting system. Age wise distribution of samples produced near normal Gaussian curve. Conclusions:Pap samples were normally distributed by age. Test requisition forms lack adequate clinical information. Even the inadequately sampled Pap smears were satisfactory for evaluation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

Sharma

Baral

Dangal

2014

Nepal j. obstet. gynaecol.

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“…Despite promising results from HPV vaccination, glaring inequalities in vaccine access and failure of vaccines to protect against all cancer‐inducing HPV strains makes screening the best‐buy in the continuum of interventions against cervical cancer 15–17 . Three major CCS methods are the Papanicolaou smear test, HPV‐based testing, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) 18–20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 15 , 16 , 17 Three major CCS methods are the Papanicolaou smear test, HPV‐based testing, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). 18 , 19 , 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing cervical cancer screening practice among female health workers in Nigeria: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent gynaecologic cancer in Nigeria.Despite being largely preventable through screening, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. To reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Nigeria, female health workers (FHWs) are expected to play an influential role in leading screening uptake and promoting access to cervical cancer education and screening. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the factors influencing cervical cancer screening (CCS) practice among FHWs in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search across six (6) electronic databases namely MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, African Index Medicus, CINAHL, and Web of Science between May 2020 and October 2020. Reference list and grey literature search were conducted to complement database search. Four reviewers screened 3171 citations against the inclusion criteria and critically appraised the quality of eligible studies. Narrative synthesis was used in summarising data from included studies. Results: Overall, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were all quantitative crosssectional studies. Included studies sampled a total of 3392 FHWs in Nigeria. FHWs had a high level of knowledge and positive attitude towards CCS. However, CCS uptake was poor. Predominant barriers to CCS uptake were the cost of screening, fear of positive results, lack of test awareness, reluctance to screen, low-risk perception, and lack of time. In contrast, being married, increasing age, awareness of screening methods, and physician recommendation were the most documented facilitators. Conclusion: This study revealed that a complex interplay of socioeconomic, structural, and individual factors influences CCS among FHWs in Nigeria. Therefore, implementing holistic interventions targeting both health system factors such as cost of screening and infrastructure and individual factors such as low-risk perception and

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Evidence-Based Cervical Cancer Screening: The Modern Evolution of the Pap Smear

Cited by 2 publications

References 61 publications

Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

Factors influencing cervical cancer screening practice among female health workers in Nigeria: A systematic review

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