Evidence-based ethics for neurology and psychiatry research

Kim, Scott Y. H.

doi:10.1602/neurorx.1.3.372

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Currently the practice of professional expert psychologists is primarily guided by the "Code of ethical principles and rules for conducting forensic psychiatric assessment" adopted by the RSP (Russian Society of Psychiatrists) in 2002. It follows the basic ethical values and principles for practical psychology and human research accepted by professional organizations in other countries (Kim, 2004;Halpern, 2005). The ethical principles of the forensic expert-psychologist's professional activity can also be found in short and generalized form in textbooks, mainly in the works of F.S.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Te Ethical Problems in Forensic Psychological Expert Evaluation: A View from Modern Russia

Шаболтас¹,

Gorbatov²,

Arbuzova³

et al. 2020

Psych. Rus.

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Background. The implementation of ethical principles in forensic psychology in Russia is facing serious challenges. Expert's evaluations have to be managed in accordance with the basic ethical principles of practical psychology in general. At the same time, the specific activities and role of a forensic psychologist differ from the professional activities and roles of a psychiatrist, psychologist-consultant, or psychotherapist.Objective. This study focused on the identification of the main ethical problems of psychologists, who are obligated to conduct expert evaluations for the court.Design. This study was conducted according to a qualitative paradigm, using a combination of the methods: content analysis of court materials and written expert opinion; analysis of court cases; interviews with experts; and analysis of international standards and guidelines for the professional activities of forensic experts.Results. The ethical problems are determined by several factors: 1) the lack of a scientific basis for the regulations; 2) the complexity of the role structure of the expert's practice; 3) the lack of practically oriented studies devoted to ethics; and 4) the lack of a venue for systematic discussion and supervision. Ethical problems are often solved by specialists exclusively according to their personal attitudes which could be risky in terms of violations of professional ethics. Conclusion.There is a lack of systematic studies on the ethical problems in forensic practice. The preliminary data show that the rapidly growing field of expert evaluation requires the closest attention to developing ethical standards and understanding of the expert's activity and role structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Te Ethical Problems in Forensic Psychological Expert Evaluation: A View from Modern Russia

Шаболтас¹,

Gorbatov²,

Arbuzova³

et al. 2020

Psych. Rus.

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“…There has been a strong impetus to shift medical ethics from a theoretical, normative base to a consequentialist, evidence-based approach. As noted by Kim [12], “What sounds good in theory can in fact produce counterproductive results if not implemented with a thorough understanding of the facts. Facts matter in ethics” [12, p. 373].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As noted by Kim [12], “What sounds good in theory can in fact produce counterproductive results if not implemented with a thorough understanding of the facts. Facts matter in ethics” [12, p. 373]. The facts that inform utilitarian ethical decisions for the methodological benefits of SPTs are embedded in the evidence provided by completed and published trials [6, 8, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Evaluation of the Ethics of Sham Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease

Polgar

Mohamed

2019

Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

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The stated purpose of sham or placebo surgery is to enable the implementation of surgical placebo-controlled trials (SPTs) for evaluating the safety and efficacy of surgical interventions. Exposing the participants to the burdens and harms of sham surgery has been justified on the grounds of the absolute necessity for controlling large placebo effects and observer bias, assumed to be associated with surgical procedures. In the present review, we argue that evidence obtained from SPTs of cellular therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has failed to demonstrate either large and consistent placebo effects or decisive methodological advantages for relying on sham surgical controls. We outline several alternative assessment strategies and designs available to establish the efficacy of cellular therapies. It is concluded that the evidence evaluated in the present analysis indicated that use of sham surgery in the context of developing novel surgical procedures for PD is not necessary, and therefore, unethical under a utilitarian model.

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“…The concept of "evidence-based ethics", modeled after the concept of evidence-based medicine, [ 1 ] has increasingly found application in international journals in the past decade, ranging from a relatively uncritical use of the term [ 2 - 5 ] to attempts at its explication [ 6 , 7 ] to variously justified repudiations of the term [ 8 , 9 ]. However, so far this discussion has been lacking a thorough explication of the term "evidence-based" (EB) and the concept behind it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based ethics – What it should be and what it shouldn't

Strech

2008

BMC Med Ethics

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Background: The concept of evidence-based medicine has strongly influenced the appraisal and application of empirical information in health care decision-making. One principal characteristic of this concept is the distinction between "evidence" in the sense of high-quality empirical information on the one hand and rather low-quality empirical information on the other hand. In the last 5 to 10 years an increasing number of articles published in international journals have made use of the term "evidence-based ethics", making a systematic analysis and explication of the term and its applicability in ethics important.

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Evidence-based ethics for neurology and psychiatry research

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Te Ethical Problems in Forensic Psychological Expert Evaluation: A View from Modern Russia

Te Ethical Problems in Forensic Psychological Expert Evaluation: A View from Modern Russia

Evidence-Based Evaluation of the Ethics of Sham Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease

Evidence-based ethics – What it should be and what it shouldn't

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