Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article

Nicola, Maria; O’Neill, Niamh; Sohrabi, Catrin; Khan, Mehdi; Agha, Maliha; Agha, Riaz

doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.001

Cited by 368 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has published an algorithm to ensure appropriate admissions to the ICU for those most in need. 17 In a study of the prediction of length of hospital stay with liver blood test results, liver condition (HBsAb positive, HBcAb positive, and fatty liver disease) was carried out. The median length of hospital stay was 6 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient flow dynamics in hospital systems during times of COVID-19: Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Bhandari

Tak

Singhal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: The present study is aimed at estimating patient flow dynamical parameters and requirement of hospital beds. Secondly, the effects of age and gender on parameters were evaluated. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 987 COVID-19 patients were enrolled from SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India). The survival analysis was carried out from 29 Feb to 19 May 2020 for two hazards – ‘Hazard 1’ was hospital discharge and ‘Hazard 2’ was hospital death. The starting point for survival analysis of the two hazards was considered to be hospital admission . The survival curves were estimated and additional effects of age and gender were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results: The Kaplan Meier estimates of lengths of hospital stay (Median =10 days, IQR =10 days) and median survival rate ( more than 60 days due to large amount of censored data) were obtained. The Cox Model for ‘Hazard 1’ showed no significant effect of age and gender on duration of hospital stay. Similarly, the Cox Model 2 showed no significant difference of gender on survival rate. The case fatality rate 8.1 % , recovery rate 78.8% , mortality rate 0.10 per 100 person--days and hospital admission rate 0.35 per 105 person-days were estimated.Conclusion : The study estimates hospital bed requirement based on patient flow dynamic parameters. Furthermore, study concludes that average length of hospital stay were similar for patients of both genders and all age groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient flow dynamics in hospital systems during times of COVID-19: Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Bhandari

Tak

Singhal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…As a non-expert in epidemiology and medical science, I will focus, in this paper, only on the higher education sector, especially on the response of this sector to the pandemic. In this regard, special attention will be paid to how certain higher education institutions (HEIs), particularly selected United States (U.S.) and South Africa universities, Amos & Howard, 2020;Germann et al, 2019;Nicola et al, 2020;Sahu, 2020;Uscher-Pines et al, 2018;Walker et al, 2020;Wang, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher education institutions and the use of online instruction and online tools and resources during the COVID-19 outbreak - An online review of selected U.S. and SA's universities

Chaka

2020

Preprint

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This online quasi-scoping review set out to review how 64 U.S. and 21 South African universities pivoted to online course delivery and used online tools and resources as one of their collective responses to continue their teaching and learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review was conducted on five online search engines, six online databases and two online social networking sites. Generally, all of the U.S and South African universities investigated transitioned to online classes and temporarily relinquished their in-person, campus-based classes. Additionally, all of these universities transiently opted for a strong form of social distancing and embraced emergency remote online pedagogy. Moreover, four online delivery typologies, with their attendant multiple permutations, emerged from these two sets of universities. Furthermore, when both U.S. and South African universities temporarily pivoted their classes to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, they embraced and adopted certain online tools and resources more than the others. For instance, pertaining to 64 U.S. universities, Zoom was the most preferred tool, with video conferencing and LMS platforms emerging as the two dominant platforms. As regards the 21 South African universities, Blackboard (Collaborate) emerged as the most preferred tool, with both LMS and video conferencing platforms emerging as the two dominant platforms. Overall, Zoom, Blackboard (Collaborate) and institutional LMSes were the three common tools to which both sets of universities pivoted during the pandemic. Finally, the two sets of universities only embraced low-tech versions of the 4IR technologies such as video-conferencing, social media technologies, and cloud computing.

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“…The summary of supportive intensive therapy treatment (oxygen therapy, methods of ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, etc.) in patients with severe disease have recently been summarized and will not be repeated here [15,129].…”

Section: Therapeutic Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 — Toward a comprehensive understanding of the disease

et al. 2020

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The evidence on the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly growing. Elucidating why some patients suffering from COVID-19 are getting so sick, while others are not, has become an informal imperative for researchers and clinicians around the globe. The answer to this question would allow rationalizing the fear surrounding this pandemic. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 relies on unraveling of interplaying mechanisms, including SARS-CoV-2 virulence, human immune response, and complex inflammatory reactions with coagulation playing a major role. An interplay with bacterial co-infections, as well as the vascular system and microcirculation affected throughout the body should also be examined. More importantly, a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 will increase the efficacy of therapy and decrease mortality. Herewith, the authors present a combined viewpoint based on the current state of knowledge on COVID-19: beginning from the virus, its transmission, and mechanisms of entry into the human body, through the pathological effects on the cellular level, up to immunological reaction, systemic and organ presentation. Last but not least, currently available and possible future therapeutic and diagnostic options are briefly commented on. (Cardiol J 2020; 27, 2: 99-114)

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Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article

Cited by 368 publications

References 25 publications

Patient flow dynamics in hospital systems during times of COVID-19: Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Patient flow dynamics in hospital systems during times of COVID-19: Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Higher education institutions and the use of online instruction and online tools and resources during the COVID-19 outbreak - An online review of selected U.S. and SA's universities

COVID-19 — Toward a comprehensive understanding of the disease

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