Abstract:Background:
Upper respiratory tract infections are frequently encountered medical problems in paediatric age groups. Children with less than five years may have six up to seven episodes of URTIs per year with each lasting up to two weeks. The issue of whether to proceed with elective surgery on a child with an URTI has been source of debate for many years. The rationale of this review was to avoid traditional approach of blanket cancellation of surgery by stratified risk factors as well as optimiza… Show more
“…There are about 200 viruses that are sources of infection and produce clinical syndromes that include a cough. Parainfluenza, rhinoviruses, influenza, and corona viruses are the main viruses that cause respiratory disease [ 2 ]. In earlier years, the Kurdish people used quince and its leaves as a medicinal plant to treat a strong cough by boiling it in water, and it was found to have a huge impact as a cough inhibiter.…”
Section: Treatmentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Coronaviruses are members of the Coronaviridae family and under electron microscope observation have the appearance of spiked rings; the viruses have different types of spikes on their surface that are used to attack and bind living cells, as shown in Fig. 1 [ 1 , 2 ]. Fig.…”
This study has carried out a mini-review on first wave of COVID-19 infection and its control by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)/Iraq. COVID-19 infection, which was named by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as SARS-CoV-2, is a newly identified coronavirus. The last century has seen the outbreak of numerous life-threatening human pathogens including Nipah, Ebola, Zika, Chikungunya, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and more recently a novel coronavirus has been observed. COVID-19 infection has so far spread to more than 186 countries around the world and KRG/Iraq has not been free from this virus. In this survey, the control of COVID-19 infection in KRG as a part of Iraq is discussed in detail. The methods of identification as well as the drugs that are currently in common use to reduce the wide distribution of COVID-19 infection and their effects in countries around the world are considered. So far, 714 positive cases have been reported by the ministry of health in Kurdistan Region Government-Iraq (KRG), among which there have been only 8 deaths, and 420 cases have recovered. Those who died had a previous history of a chronic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hypercholesteremia. Alternative medicine based on natural green methods has been widely used by Kurdish people in past years for treatment of strong coughs. In the present study, some natural products which are cost free and effective in enhancing the body's resistance against the virus are considered. A surprising finding is that the patients in KRG have not in general had a severe cough, flu, or fever. The possible explanation may relate to the patients' strong immune systems, since none of them had a history of using alcohol and drugs, or of chronic disease. The epidemiology and transmission of the virus are discussed as well.
“…There are about 200 viruses that are sources of infection and produce clinical syndromes that include a cough. Parainfluenza, rhinoviruses, influenza, and corona viruses are the main viruses that cause respiratory disease [ 2 ]. In earlier years, the Kurdish people used quince and its leaves as a medicinal plant to treat a strong cough by boiling it in water, and it was found to have a huge impact as a cough inhibiter.…”
Section: Treatmentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Coronaviruses are members of the Coronaviridae family and under electron microscope observation have the appearance of spiked rings; the viruses have different types of spikes on their surface that are used to attack and bind living cells, as shown in Fig. 1 [ 1 , 2 ]. Fig.…”
This study has carried out a mini-review on first wave of COVID-19 infection and its control by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)/Iraq. COVID-19 infection, which was named by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as SARS-CoV-2, is a newly identified coronavirus. The last century has seen the outbreak of numerous life-threatening human pathogens including Nipah, Ebola, Zika, Chikungunya, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and more recently a novel coronavirus has been observed. COVID-19 infection has so far spread to more than 186 countries around the world and KRG/Iraq has not been free from this virus. In this survey, the control of COVID-19 infection in KRG as a part of Iraq is discussed in detail. The methods of identification as well as the drugs that are currently in common use to reduce the wide distribution of COVID-19 infection and their effects in countries around the world are considered. So far, 714 positive cases have been reported by the ministry of health in Kurdistan Region Government-Iraq (KRG), among which there have been only 8 deaths, and 420 cases have recovered. Those who died had a previous history of a chronic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hypercholesteremia. Alternative medicine based on natural green methods has been widely used by Kurdish people in past years for treatment of strong coughs. In the present study, some natural products which are cost free and effective in enhancing the body's resistance against the virus are considered. A surprising finding is that the patients in KRG have not in general had a severe cough, flu, or fever. The possible explanation may relate to the patients' strong immune systems, since none of them had a history of using alcohol and drugs, or of chronic disease. The epidemiology and transmission of the virus are discussed as well.
“…Upper respiratory tract infection is a non-chronic disease that can happen at any time, but it is more common in the fall and winter. The vast majority of upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses [5]. The symptoms of this disease can be confused with those of pneumonia [1].…”
The aim of this paper was the detection of pathologies through respiratory sounds. The ICBHI (International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics) Benchmark was used. This dataset is composed of 920 sounds of which 810 are of chronic diseases, 75 of non-chronic diseases and only 35 of healthy individuals. As more than 88% of the samples of the dataset are from the same class (Chronic), the use of a Variational Convolutional Autoencoder was proposed to generate new labeled data and other well known oversampling techniques after determining that the dataset classes are unbalanced. Once the preprocessing step was carried out, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to classify the respiratory sounds into healthy, chronic, and non-chronic disease. In addition, we carried out a more challenging classification trying to distinguish between the different types of pathologies or healthy: URTI, COPD, Bronchiectasis, Pneumonia, and Bronchiolitis. We achieved results up to 0.993 F-Score in the three-label classification and 0.990 F-Score in the more challenging six-class classification.
“…URIs affecting the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx are types of acute respiratory infections most commonly with a viral etiology. Because most URIs are self‐limiting, the associated complications are more devastating than the infections themselves (Lema, Berhe, Gebrezgi, & Getu, ). An increasing prevalence of respiratory infections among children younger than 5 years threatens the public health status, particularly in developing countries (Taylor et al, ).…”
Purpose: Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are the most common diseases observed in children aged 0-6 years in Turkey. This study was conducted to investigate URIs in 0-6 year-old children in Turkey. Design and Methods: Data of children aged 0-6 years who were included in the 2014 Turkey Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute were collected from their parents.Results: In total, 1,293 and 1,732 children with and without URIs, respectively, were identified. The weighted point prevalence of URIs was 42.23%. Compared with the uninsured and female children belonging to high-income families, insured male children belonging to low-income families were more likely to develop URIs (p < .001). Moreover, comorbidities such as communicable diseases, anemia and diarrhea, and factors like health services utilization were associated with URIs.Analysis of health services utilization highlights that URIs were reported more among the children who had not visited a hospital than among those who had visited a hospital, with an odds ratio of 1.23.
Conclusions:The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of sociodemographic, comorbid, and health services utilization factors associated with URIs.These results provide useful insights for pediatric nursing professionals to improve the quality and efficiency of pediatric respiratory nursing services.Practice Implications: Collaborative networks with other health professionals, parents, and public health policy-makers are essential to decrease the prevalence of URIs in Turkey. These study results provide several insights for health professionals to improve pediatric action plans for ultimately improving child health status. K E Y W O R D S children, prevalence, respiratory care, Turkey, upper respiratory tract infections 1 | WHAT IS CURRENTLY KNOWN? Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are the most common diseases among children aged 0-6 years in Turkey. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the factors associated with URIs among children.
| WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD?This study adds value by highlighting the prevalence of URIs that was 42.23% among 0-6 year-old children in Turkey during the year 2014.Moreover, male and insured children belonging to low-income families are more likely to experience URIs and communicable diseases (varicella and mumps), diarrhea, and anemia are the comorbidities strongly associated with URIs.
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