Evidence-Based Research and Practice in Clinical Neuropsychology

Chelune, Gordon J.

doi:10.1080/13854040802360574

Cited by 85 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The principal purpose of the present study was to determine whether the PTT task can predict the level of functionality among high-functioning community-dwelling older adults. In line with recent calls for research designs that facilitate evidencebased practice (Chelune, 2010), we pitted the predictive utility of the PTT task against that of other potential predictors (i.e., other measures of EF, the original BDS, and general cognitive status). Lastly, given that evidence-based practice refers not only to the selection of methods that provide the most information, but also to the selection of methods that provide information in the most cost-effective manner (Prigatano & Morrone-Strupinsky, 2010), we considered the relative amount of variance in functional independence accounted for by each predictor (or predictor set) in the context of the amount of time needed for test administration and scoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Executive Functioning, Motor Programming, and Functional Independence: Accounting for Variance, People, and Time

Kraybill

Suchy

2011

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Assessing functional independence is an important part of making diagnostic decisions and treatment recommendations but is often complicated by the limitations of self-report and behavioral measures. Alternatively, it may be worthwhile to investigate neurocognitive correlates of incipient functional declines including using tests of executive functioning (EF) and motor programming (MP). The current study examined an electronic MP task and pitted it against other assessment instruments to evaluate its relative utility in assessing both EF and functional independence. Participants were 72 community-dwelling older adults. Results of this study showed that the MP task was correlated with other measures of EF, an efficient and reliable predictor of functionality, useful for identifying at-risk patients, and comparable to a longer battery in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Executive Functioning, Motor Programming, and Functional Independence: Accounting for Variance, People, and Time

Kraybill

Suchy

2011

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…To be diagnostically useful, the clinician must further establish validity evidence, through a review of the test manual, his or her personal case records, or perhaps through an evidence-based review of the literature [ 11 ] , that discrepancies of a certain magnitude are statistically more frequent in populations that have a speci fi c condition of interest, such as amnesic MCI, than would be expected at this level of discrepancy in a normal population.…”

Section: Norms and How We Use Them In Single-point Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The manual reports that individual deviations of one standard deviation or more from estimated premorbid levels occurred in 64% of cases with amnesic MCI compared to only 16% of controls. Performing a Bayesian analysis of the base rates between the two groups [ 11 ] yielded an odds ratio of 9.3 and a likelihood ratio of 4.0. Based on this empirical evidence, Dr. Bob now feels he can interpret a deviation score of one standard deviation or more on MegaMemory as not only relatively uncommon among healthy older adults but also as being "impaired" since deviations of this magnitude are four times more likely to occur in patients with amnesic MCI than in healthy controls, and among patients with amnesic MCI, deviations of this magnitude are nine times more likely to occur than deviations of lesser magnitude.…”

Section: Norms and How We Use Them In Single-point Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assessment of Change: Serial Assessments in Dementia Evaluations

Chelune

Duff

2012

Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Aging and Dementia

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The focus of the clinical neuropsychologist in everyday practice is on neurocognitive change . Because the diagnosis of dementia as well as mild cognitive impairment requires evidence of cognitive decline over time, the assessment of meaningful neurocognitive change is especially relevant in the evaluation of older adults. We brie fl y discuss the clinical use of normreferenced tests used in traditional single-point assessments and then focus on the use of serial assessments to objectively monitor and assess cognitive changes over time, discussing the unique advantages and challenges of serial assessments. An overview and distillation of reliable change methods are presented and applied to a case example, demonstrating how these methods can be used as effective tools to inform the clinical evaluation of the individual patient. In the end, we hope to leave the reader with an appreciation that change is a unique variable with its own inherent statistical properties and clinical meaning. KeywordsPredicting reliable change • Practice effects • Dementia and cognitive decline • Serial assessment The Assessment of Change: Serial Assessments in Dementia EvaluationsAs a multidisciplinary area of scienti fi c inquiry, neuropsychology is often de fi ned as the study of brain-behavior relationships. However, as an area of psychological practice, clinical neuropsychology has been described as the application of neuropsychological principles of brain-behavior

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“…The easy solution here is for journals and the profession to demand large-scale studies with the proper controls and independence in design, as discussed herein. Chelune (2008) has recently offered an excellent and comprehensive review of evidence-based research methods that address many of these design issues. However, in almost every circumstance, appropriate designs will require very large sample sizes and prospective follow-up, with the investigators independent of any and all legal issues in the subjects/ disorders being investigated.…”

Section: Attorney Work Product and Ghostwritingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rigor of Research Design and “Forensic” Publications in Neuropsychological Research

Bigler

Green

Farrer

et al. 2009

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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Seven neuropsychology journals that publish on topics relevant to clinical neuropsychology were examined for their experimental rigor according to the standards of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in their Clinical Practice Guidelines. By using a keyword approach on topics relevant to forensic neuropsychology, all articles that reported empirical findings from 2003 through 2008 were identified. Each study was rated by AAN classification criteria that ranged from a level I classification (prospective, most rigorous, and independent) to level IV (least rigorous). The typical forensic neuropsychological study averaged a class III ranking. Few studies were based on large sample sizes or utilized a reported masking or blind technique with regards to subject selection and how diagnostic criteria were met and/or data analyzed. While the authors for the average study reported a university affiliation, few reported explicit Institutional Review Board statements. Considerable variability across these seven journals with regards to conflict of interest (COI) disclosure policies was observed and only a few studies reported explicit statements about funding or COI issues. These observations suggest that neuropsychological research on forensic topics currently has many limitations and that future research needs to address these issues.

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Evidence-Based Research and Practice in Clinical Neuropsychology

Cited by 85 publications

References 26 publications

Executive Functioning, Motor Programming, and Functional Independence: Accounting for Variance, People, and Time

Executive Functioning, Motor Programming, and Functional Independence: Accounting for Variance, People, and Time

The Assessment of Change: Serial Assessments in Dementia Evaluations

The Rigor of Research Design and “Forensic” Publications in Neuropsychological Research

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