Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: an introduction<sup>1</sup>This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

Warburton, Darren E. R.; Jamnik, Veronica; Bredin, Shannon S. D.; McKenzie, D. C.; Stone, James A.; Shephard, Roy J.; Gledhill, Norman

doi:10.1139/h11-060

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The WALK 2.0 trial used the original PAR-Q instrument, which is acknowledged to identify a high proportion of individuals who, after additional screening, can undertake physical activity [1, 4, 5]. The high proportions of individuals identified as high risk contributed to the development of the PAR-Q+, which can be used in combination with the ePAR-med-X+ if additional screening is necessary to identify if individuals do in fact require medical clearance prior to participation in physical activity or if they can commence physical activity without medical clearance [4, 5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high proportions of individuals identified as high risk contributed to the development of the PAR-Q+, which can be used in combination with the ePAR-med-X+ if additional screening is necessary to identify if individuals do in fact require medical clearance prior to participation in physical activity or if they can commence physical activity without medical clearance [4, 5]. The potential benefit of using these instruments for screening in RCTs is supported by the number of participants in the present study who were required to obtain medical exercise clearance and received it, and also that these newer instruments are reported to identify only 1% of individuals for additional medical screening [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q), the PAR-Q+ and the Pre-exercise Screening Tool are commonly used for this purpose [2–4]. These instruments are designed to identify individuals who can safely participate in physical activity without obtaining further medical clearance and to identify higher-risk individuals who should seek medical clearance before increasing their physical activity [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the PAR-Q has been shown to disproportionally identify a high number of participants as high risk because of age, medication use or the presence of medical conditions that may benefit from participation in physical activity [1]. This led to the development of the PAR-Q+, which is a valid instrument that provides additional screening to reduce the number of individuals classified as high risk who may benefit from physical activity and do not need to obtain additional medical clearance to participate [4, 5]. It is not well understood, however, how requiring individuals identified as higher risk to obtain medical clearance influences overall study sample characteristics during recruitment for RCTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is the impact of obtaining medical clearance to participate in a randomised controlled trial examining a physical activity intervention on the socio-demographic and risk factor profiles of included participants?

Duncan

Rosenkranz

Vandelanotte

et al. 2016

Trials

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BackgroundRequiring individuals to obtain medical clearance to exercise prior to participation in physical activity interventions is common. The impact this has on the socio-demographic characteristic profiles of participants who end up participating in the intervention is not clear.MethodsAs part of the multi-component eligibility screening for inclusion in a three-arm randomised controlled trial examining the efficacy of a web-based physical activity intervention, individuals interested in participating were required to complete the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). The PAR-Q identified individuals as having lower or higher risk. Higher-risk individuals were required to obtain medical exercise clearance prior to enrolment. Comparisons of the socio-demographic characteristics of the lower- and higher-risk individuals were performed using t tests and chi-square tests (p = 0.05).ResultsA total of 1244 individuals expressed interest in participating, and 432 were enrolled without needing to undergo further screening. Of the 251 individuals required to obtain medical clearance, 148 received clearance, 15 did not receive clearance and 88 did not return any form of clearance. A total of 105 individuals were enrolled after obtaining clearance, and the most frequent reason for being required to seek clearance was for using blood pressure/heart condition medication. Higher-risk individuals were significantly older, had a higher body mass index and engaged in more sedentary behaviour than lower-risk individuals.ConclusionsUse of more inclusive participant screening protocols that maintain high levels of participant safety are encouraged. Allowing individuals to obtain medical clearance to participate can result in including a more diverse population likely to benefit most from participation.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000157976). Registered on 9 February 2011.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

What is the impact of obtaining medical clearance to participate in a randomised controlled trial examining a physical activity intervention on the socio-demographic and risk factor profiles of included participants?

Duncan

Rosenkranz

Vandelanotte

et al. 2016

Trials

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“…In addition, body mass was measured at each visit (Tanita, BWB-800, Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan), to determine the appropriate resistance for the Wingate tests. A modified Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was completed by all participants and reviewed by the principal investigator to determine health risk (Warburton et al, 2011).…”

Section: Baseline Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Natural Nutritional Beverages on Anaerobic Exercise Performance

Zamzow¹

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Production of aroma and flavor‐rich fusel alcohols by cheese whey fermentation using the Kluyveromyces marxianus and Debaryomyces hansenii yeasts in monoculture and co‐culture modes

Castillo

Tahmasbi

Pachapur

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Whey is one of the main agro-industrial by-products generated in the production of cheese. It is a residue with low pH and high content of organic and inorganic compounds, such as lactose, proteins, and minerals that can be used as nutrients in fermentation. The aim of the present study was to produce biomolecules with aroma and flavor properties by whey fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM) and Debaryomyces hansenii (DH).RESULTS: These yeasts produced and accumulated in the culture broth aroma and flavor compounds, the main ones being ethanol, glycerol, propanoic acid, dihydroxyacetone, methionol, isopentanol, and 2-phenylethanol (2PE). This last one was retained as the target biomolecule, because of its potential to be commercialized industrially. Both yeasts were able to metabolize L-phenylalanine (Lphe) to produce 2PE, in monoculture and co-culture modes. When yeasts were used under monoculture mode, KM produced the highest 2PE concentration 82 ± 28 mg/L under aerobic fermentation, with yield of 0.16 ± 0.08 g 2PE /g Lphe and a productivity of 0.86 ± 0.18 mg 2PE /L*h at a fermentation time of 96 h. Whereas in co-culture mode the 2PE yield was 0.38 g 2PE /g Lphe , twice as high as the maximum yield for monocultures. This yield corresponded to a productivity of 1.93 ± 0.02 mg 2PE /L*h. CONCLUSION: The whey fermentation using KM and DH in co-culture mode is technically feasible. The KM yeast is apparently dominant and the co-culture of both yeasts led to increase in the 2PE yield and the productivity. The faster kinetics of KM quickly induced substrate starvation triggering early production and accumulation of 2PE.

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Cited by 56 publications

References 5 publications

What is the impact of obtaining medical clearance to participate in a randomised controlled trial examining a physical activity intervention on the socio-demographic and risk factor profiles of included participants?

What is the impact of obtaining medical clearance to participate in a randomised controlled trial examining a physical activity intervention on the socio-demographic and risk factor profiles of included participants?

Effects of Natural Nutritional Beverages on Anaerobic Exercise Performance

Production of aroma and flavor‐rich fusel alcohols by cheese whey fermentation using the Kluyveromyces marxianus and Debaryomyces hansenii yeasts in monoculture and co‐culture modes

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