Evidence-Based Treatments of Addiction

O’Brien, Charles P.

doi:10.1176/foc.9.1.foc107

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Further, we describe how trait-dependent cocaine demand-early in the animal's self-administration history-predicts changes in addiction state known to take place with exposure to LgA (31). Notably, we observed spontaneously high-demand rats (i.e., without LgA treatment) as well as low-demand rats that were transformed into high-demand rats with LgA, indicating that the addiction phenotype may occur anywhere along the etiological spectrum from trait to state dependence-a spectrum well known in human literature (30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Economic demand predicts addiction-like behavior and therapeutic efficacy of oxytocin in the rat

Bentzley

Jhou

Aston‐Jones

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

208

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Development of new treatments for drug addiction will depend on high-throughput screening in animal models. However, an addiction biomarker fit for rapid testing, and useful in both humans and animals, is not currently available. Economic models are promising candidates. They offer a structured quantitative approach to modeling behavior that is mathematically identical across species, and accruing evidence indicates economic-based descriptors of human behavior may be particularly useful biomarkers of addiction severity. However, economic demand has not yet been established as a biomarker of addiction-like behavior in animals, an essential final step in linking animal and human studies of addiction through economic models. We recently developed a mathematical approach for rapidly modeling economic demand in rats trained to self-administer cocaine. We show here that economic demand, as both a spontaneous trait and induced state, predicts addiction-like behavior, including relapse propensity, drug seeking in abstinence, and compulsive (punished) drug taking. These findings confirm economic demand as a biomarker of addiction-like behavior in rats. They also support the view that excessive motivation plays an important role in addiction while extending the idea that drug dependence represents a shift from initially recreational to compulsive drug use. Finally, we found that economic demand for cocaine predicted the efficacy of a promising pharmacotherapy (oxytocin) in attenuating cocaineseeking behaviors across individuals, demonstrating that economic measures may be used to rapidly identify the clinical utility of prospective addiction treatments.behavioral economics | reinstatement | extinction | long access | punished responding T here are currently no approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of cocaine addiction, and timely development of future treatments will depend on animal models that predict the efficacy of treatment in human addicts. This requires a biomarker of addiction suitable for rapid testing in animals, and applicable in humans. However, animal models of neuropsychiatric diseases generally lack predictive validity (1, 2), and prevalent approaches that use drug self-administration in animals have not yet led to a successful clinical treatment for psychostimulant dependence (3, 4).Economic models provide more promising approaches for this needed cross-species addiction biomarker (5, 6). They offer a structured quantitative method to model behavior that is mathematically identical across species (7-9), and accruing evidence indicates economic-based descriptors of human behavior may be particularly useful biomarkers of addiction severity (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Notably, economic demand has been shown to correlate with lifetime years of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and benzodiazepine use (15); severity of alcohol dependence (10,11,14) and craving (16); as well as severity of nicotine dependence (12, 13) and craving (17). However, economic demand has not yet been established as a biomarker of addictionli...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Economic demand predicts addiction-like behavior and therapeutic efficacy of oxytocin in the rat

Bentzley

Jhou

Aston‐Jones

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

208

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“…Drug addiction is a chronic disorder (McLellan et al, 2000;O'Brien, 2008), where even following long abstinence periods, exposure to drug-associated cues can trigger craving or drug-seeking behaviors, increasing the relapse risk (eg, O'Brien et al, 1998;Childress et al, 1999;Everitt and Robbins, 2005;Volkow et al, 2008). Reducing the impact of these cues is postulated to reduce relapse in at-risk populations (Hammersley, 1992;Drummond, 2001;Nic Dhonnchadha and Kantak, 2011), yet extinction therapy has not yet shown high efficacy (Bouton, 2002;O'Brien, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing the impact of these cues is postulated to reduce relapse in at-risk populations (Hammersley, 1992;Drummond, 2001;Nic Dhonnchadha and Kantak, 2011), yet extinction therapy has not yet shown high efficacy (Bouton, 2002;O'Brien, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research with human addicts and in animal models has demonstrated that extinction learning (non-reinforced cue-exposure) can reduce the capacity of such stimuli to induce relapse, yet extinction therapies have limited long-term success under real-world conditions (Bouton, 2002;O'Brien, 2008). We hypothesized that enhancing extinction would reduce the later ability of drugpredictive cues to precipitate drug-seeking behavior.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Janak

Bowers²,

Corbit

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug abstinence is frequently compromised when addicted individuals are re-exposed to environmental stimuli previously associated with drug use. Research with human addicts and in animal models has demonstrated that extinction learning (non-reinforced cue-exposure) can reduce the capacity of such stimuli to induce relapse, yet extinction therapies have limited long-term success under real-world conditions (Bouton, 2002;O'Brien, 2008). We hypothesized that enhancing extinction would reduce the later ability of drugpredictive cues to precipitate drug-seeking behavior. We, therefore, tested whether compound stimulus presentation and pharmacological treatments that augment noradrenergic activity (atomoxetine; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) during extinction training would facilitate the extinction of drug-seeking behaviors, thus reducing relapse. Rats were trained that the presentation of a discrete cue signaled that a lever press response would result in cocaine reinforcement. Rats were subsequently extinguished and spontaneous recovery of drug-seeking behavior following presentation of previously drug-predictive cues was tested 4 weeks later. We find that compound stimulus presentations or pharmacologically increasing noradrenergic activity during extinction training results in less future recovery of responding, whereas propranolol treatment reduced the benefit seen with compound stimulus presentation. These data may have important implications for understanding the biological basis of extinction learning, as well as for improving the outcome of extinction-based therapies.

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“…Анализ клинических руководств Великобритании, США и России по терапии шизофрении [11] показал их со-поставимость. Следует признать, что в отличие от других клинических рекомендаций психиатриче-ского профиля лишь Федеральные клинические ре-комендации по лечению наркологических рас-стройств не корреспондируются с международными [19,[20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Abstract: Therapy Of Addictive Disorders Clinical Recommendunclassified

Methodological mistakes and contradictions in the ederal clinical recommendations on addiction medicine

Менделевич

2016

Z. nevrol. psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova

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Evidence-Based Treatments of Addiction

Cited by 36 publications

References 72 publications

Economic demand predicts addiction-like behavior and therapeutic efficacy of oxytocin in the rat

Economic demand predicts addiction-like behavior and therapeutic efficacy of oxytocin in the rat

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Methodological mistakes and contradictions in the ederal clinical recommendations on addiction medicine

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