Evidence cerebral blood-flow regulation mediates exercise–cognition links in healthy young adults.

Guiney, Hayley; Lucas, Samuel J. E.; Cotter, James D.; Machado, Liana

doi:10.1037/neu0000124

Cited by 109 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, our results support previous studies showing that physical fitness yield favorable effects on executive functions (Gomez-Pinilla and Hillman, 2013; Erickson et al, 2014; Dupuy et al, 2015; Guiney et al, 2015; Szuhany et al, 2015; Luque-Casado et al, 2016). No interaction between

\overset{\cdot}{V} O_{2 \max}

and RT on stimuli following no cue in the present study may be due to a lower attentional demand, or to the lack of priming in that stimuli category.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Selective Attention in Healthy Male High-School Students

Wengaard

Kristoffersen

Harris

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background: Previous studies have shown associations of physical fitness and cognition in children and in younger and older adults. However, knowledge about associations in high-school adolescents and young adults is sparse. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of physical fitness, measured as maximal oxygen uptake (V·O2max), muscle mass, weekly training, and cognitive function in the executive domains of selective attention and inhibitory control, in healthy male high-school students.Methods: Fifty-four males (17.9 ± 0.9 years, 72 ± 11 kg and 182 ± 7 cm) completed a V·O2max test, a body composition test and a visual cognitive task based on the Posner cue paradigm with three types of stimuli with different attentional demands (i.e., stimuli presentation following no cue, valid cue or invalid cue presentations). The task consisted of 336 target stimuli, where 56 (17%) of the target stimuli appeared without a cue (no cue), 224 (67%) appeared in the same rectangle as the cue (valid cue) and 56 (17%) appeared in the rectangle opposite to the cue (invalid cue). Mean reaction time (RT) and corresponding errors was calculated for each stimuli type. Total task duration was 9 min and 20 s In addition, relevant background information was obtained in a questionnaire.Results: Linear mixed model analyses showed that higher V·O2max was associated with faster RT for stimuli following invalid cue (Estimate = −2.69, SE = 1.03, p = 0.011), and for stimuli following valid cue (Estimate = −2.08, SE = 1.03, p = 0.048). There was no association of muscle mass and stimuli (F = 1.01, p = 0.397) or of weekly training and stimuli (F = 0.99, p = 0.405).Conclusion: The results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cognitive performance in healthy male high-school students in the executive domains of selective attention.

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\overset{\cdot}{V} O_{2 \max}

and RT on stimuli following no cue in the present study may be due to a lower attentional demand, or to the lack of priming in that stimuli category.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Selective Attention in Healthy Male High-School Students

Wengaard

Kristoffersen

Harris

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…An interesting relationship between cognitive activation and neurovascular coupling in humans has been demonstrated, 79 which provides a mechanistic link in conditions where cognition is impaired (Table 1). For example, chronic hypotension depresses cognitive activity and resting CBF, which is directly mediated by neurovascular coupling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular coupling in humans: Physiology, methodological advances and clinical implications

Phillips

Chan

Zheng

et al. 2015

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

366

364

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Neurovascular coupling reflects the close temporal and regional linkage between neural activity and cerebral blood flow. Although providing mechanistic insight, our understanding of neurovascular coupling is largely limited to nonphysiological ex vivo preparations and non-human models using sedatives/anesthetics with confounding cerebrovascular implications. Herein, with particular focus on humans, we review the present mechanistic understanding of neurovascular coupling and highlight current approaches to assess these responses and the application in health and disease. Moreover, we present new guidelines for standardizing the assessment of neurovascular coupling in humans. To improve the reliability of measurement and related interpretation, the utility of new automated software for neurovascular coupling is demonstrated, which provides the capacity for coalescing repetitive trials and time intervals into single contours and extracting numerous metrics (e.g., conductance and pulsatility, critical closing pressure, etc.) according to patterns of interest (e.g., peak/minimum response, time of response, etc.). This versatile software also permits the normalization of neurovascular coupling metrics to dynamic changes in arterial blood gases, potentially influencing the hyperemic response. It is hoped that these guidelines, combined with the newly developed and openly available software, will help to propel the understanding of neurovascular coupling in humans and also lead to improved clinical management of this critical physiological function.

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“…While it is difficult to speculate the exact physiological mechanisms that led to the changes observed in the study, we believe that aerobic exercise may alter the recovery process by improving cerebral blood flow, blood oxygen extraction, autonomic control pathway, and neuroplasticity that might affect structural organization of the brain. 19–21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Connectivity Related to Persistent Symptoms After Mild TBI in Adolescents and Response to Aerobic Training: Preliminary Investigation

Yuan

Wade

Quatman‐Yates

et al. 2017

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

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OBJECTIVE To quantify structural connectivity abnormalities in adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to investigate connectivity changes following aerobic training using graph theory and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. SETTING Outpatient research setting. PARTICIPANTS Twenty two children (age: 15.83±1.77 years, 10 F) with 4–16 weeks of persistent symptoms after mTBI and a matched healthy comparison group. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial of aerobic training and stretching comparison combined with case-control comparison. MAIN MEASURES (1) Five global network measures: global efficiency (Eglob), mean local efficiency, modularity, normalized clustering coefficient (γ), normalized characteristic path length (λ), small-worldness (σ). (2) The self-reported Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) score. RESULTS At initial enrollment, adolescents with mTBI had significantly lower Eglob and higher γ, λ, and σ (all p<0.05) when compared to healthy peers. After the intervention, significant increased Eglob and decreased λ (both p<0.05) were found in the aerobic training group. Improvement in PCSI scores were significantly correlated with the Eglob increase and λ decrease in the aerobic training and λ decrease in the stretching comparison group (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION This pilot study showed initial evidence that structural connectivity analysis was sensitive to brain network abnormalities and may serve as an imaging biomarker in children with persistent symptoms after mTBI.

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Evidence cerebral blood-flow regulation mediates exercise–cognition links in healthy young adults.

Cited by 109 publications

References 48 publications

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Selective Attention in Healthy Male High-School Students

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Selective Attention in Healthy Male High-School Students

Neurovascular coupling in humans: Physiology, methodological advances and clinical implications

Structural Connectivity Related to Persistent Symptoms After Mild TBI in Adolescents and Response to Aerobic Training: Preliminary Investigation

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