Evidence for a Direct Link between Glutathione Biosynthesis and Stress Defense Gene Expression in Arabidopsis[W]

Ball, Louise M.; Accotto, Gian Paolo; Bechtold, Ulrike; Creissen, Gary; Funck, Dietmar; Jiménez, Ana; Kular, Baldeep; Leyland, Nicola; Mejía-Carranza, Jaime; Reynolds, Helen; Karpiński, Stanisław; Mullineaux, Philip M.

doi:10.1105/tpc.104.022608

Cited by 393 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…1A) in GSH and PC biosynthesis, resulting in greater accumulation of thiol peptides in all tissues. GSH and PCs are involved in the direct processing of toxic elements, and GSH is an integral part of several plant stress responses (Lu et al, 1997;Tommasini et al, 1998;Cobbett and Goldsbrough, 2002;Ball et al, 2004). On the basis of these facts, we anticipated that they would produce increases in plant tolerance and accumulation of toxic elements such as mercury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced tolerance to and accumulation of mercury, but not arsenic, in plants overexpressing two enzymes required for thiol peptide synthesis

Heaton

Carreira³

et al. 2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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Arsenic and mercury are among the most toxic elemental pollutants in the environment, endangering human health and ecological integrity. Both elements are found in highly thiol‐reactive forms, arsenite and Hg(II), respectively, in plant tissues. Overexpression of Escherichia coliγ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (ECS) or glutathione synthetase (GS) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants provided significant increases in the thiol peptides glutathione (GSH) and γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐EC), and/or phytochelatins (PCs), and some resistance to arsenic and mercury, but no substantial increases in the levels of these elements in above‐ground tissues. In contrast, the co‐expression of ECS and GS in ECS × GS lines produced significant increases in tolerance to toxic levels of mercury. The ECS × GS co‐expression line accumulated 35‐fold more biomass and three‐fold more mercury aboveground than the wild type (WT) when grown on Hg(II). No increases in arsenic accumulation were detected in the ECS × GS line. Increased resistance to and accumulation of mercury apparently resulted from enhanced root concentrations of PCs in ECS × GS co‐expression lines not seen in the wild type or lines expressing ECS or GS alone. Correlations between the levels of arsenic and mercury resistance and accumulation and increases in the accumulation of the various thiol peptides in the ECS, GS and ECS × GS transgenic plant lines are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced tolerance to and accumulation of mercury, but not arsenic, in plants overexpressing two enzymes required for thiol peptide synthesis

Heaton

Carreira³

et al. 2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…B, RT-PCR expression analysis of AtS16 (housekeeping gene), AtOSA1, AtAPX1, AtFSD1, and AtFSD2 in plants used for the determination of gas exchange measurements (A; 28 cycles). This might indicate necessity to compensate increased oxidative stress level in the mutant by the expression of components of the antioxidant network like AtAPX1 and AtFSD1 and permanent SOD activities (Ball et al, 2004). Interestingly, the increased SOD activity detected in the isolated chloroplasts was not enhanced by Cd 21 treatments, thereby confirming the data reported by Fornazier et al (2002) showing that the Cd 21 treatment did not enhance SOD activities, possibly by displacing Fe 21 , Zn 21 , or Cu 21 required for the SOD activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcript levels of genes (AtAPX1, At1g07890; AtFSD1, At4g25100; AtFSD2, At5g51100) responding to oxidative stress (Kliebenstein et al, 1998;Ball et al, 2004) were investigated. AtAPX1, AtFSD1, AtFSD2, as well as AtOSA1 were found to be up-regulated in wild type after 1 mM cadmium treatment.…”

Section: Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Gene Expression In The Atomentioning

confidence: 99%

AtOSA1, a Member of the Abc1-Like Family, as a New Factor in Cadmium and Oxidative Stress Response

et al. 2008

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The analysis of gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using cDNA microarrays and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction showed that AtOSA1 (A. thaliana oxidative stress-related Abc1-like protein) transcript levels are influenced by Cd 21 treatment. The comparison of protein sequences revealed that AtOSA1 belongs to the family of Abc1 proteins. Up to now, Abc1-like proteins have been identified in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes. AtOSA1 is the first member of this family to be localized in the chloroplasts. However, despite sharing homology to the mitochondrial ABC1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, AtOSA1 was not able to complement yeast strains deleted in the endogenous ABC1 gene, thereby suggesting different function between AtOSA1 and the yeast ABC1. The atosa1-1 and atosa1-2 T-DNA insertion mutants were more affected than wild-type plants by Cd 21 and revealed an increased sensitivity toward oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) and high light. The mutants exhibited higher superoxide dismutase activities and differences in the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant pathway. In addition to the conserved Abc1 region in the AtOSA1 protein sequence, putative kinase domains were found. Protein kinase assays in gelo using myelin basic protein as a kinase substrate revealed that chloroplast envelope membrane fractions from the AtOSA1 mutant lacked a 70-kD phosphorylated protein compared to the wild type. Our data suggest that the chloroplast AtOSA1 protein is a new factor playing a role in the balance of oxidative stress.

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“…To better understand the nature of this inhibition, the sensitivity of TPI to oxidative status was ascertained by incubating the enzymatic extract of untreated samples with GSSG, because it is known to be produced by ROSstressed cells (19,20). At high concentrations, GSSG was a strong inhibitor of TPI, and it was very effective also at lower concentrations in a dose-time-dependent manner ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is wellknown that ROS accumulation can result from abiotic and biotic stresses, and it acts by altering the redox status of the cells (16)(17)(18). This status is determined by the glutathione reduced (GSH)/ glutathione oxidized (GSSG) ratio; in normal conditions the cells present a large amount of reduced glutathione, whereas an oxidative perturbation leads to an accumulation of oxidized glutathione (19,20). High concentrations of GSSG bring about the S-glutathionylation of some proteins, which is the formation of a disulfide bond, via thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, Article J. Agric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triosephosphate Isomerases in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum): Characterization and Susceptibility to Herbicides

Buono¹,

Prinsi²,

Espen³

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The effect of treatments with four herbicides and a safener on the activity of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) extracted from shoots of Italian ryegrass was investigated. It was found that atrazine and fluorodifen, herbicides which interfere with photosynthesis, caused a decrease in measured enzyme activity. In addition, the in vitro effect of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), a compound produced in situations of oxidative stress, on TPI activity was investigated. It was shown that GSSG was a strong inhibitor of enzyme activity, at low concentrations in a dose-timedependent manner. The enzyme extracts were submitted to chromatographic purifications and to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Some spots had molecular masses ranging between 20 and 30 kDa and were characterized and identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS as TPIs. The mass spectrometry also made it possible to identify the presence of cysteine residues that could be subjected to S-glutathionylation, which regulate the enzyme activity.

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Evidence for a Direct Link between Glutathione Biosynthesis and Stress Defense Gene Expression in Arabidopsis[W]

Cited by 393 publications

References 85 publications

Enhanced tolerance to and accumulation of mercury, but not arsenic, in plants overexpressing two enzymes required for thiol peptide synthesis

Enhanced tolerance to and accumulation of mercury, but not arsenic, in plants overexpressing two enzymes required for thiol peptide synthesis

AtOSA1, a Member of the Abc1-Like Family, as a New Factor in Cadmium and Oxidative Stress Response

Triosephosphate Isomerases in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum): Characterization and Susceptibility to Herbicides

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