Evidence for a health risk by RF on humans living around mobile phone base stations: From radiofrequency sickness to cancer

Balmorí, Alfonso

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113851

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Whether chronic exposure to EMF of variable intensities, and with intermittent exposures when living on Earth, causes or results in disease or may predispose individuals to health risks is not known. For >40 years, investigators have examined disease incidence in those living close to power lines, those close to cell phone base stations, cell phone use, and other sources, and the results are inconclusive for the most part [ 133 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 ]. While much of the focus was on EMF effects on children and the development of cancer, the impact on adults and non-cancer effects is negligible when using the variable intensities and durations of the studies.…”

Section: Additional Risks Of Space Flight Into Deep Space and Living ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Hart

2023

Life

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Homo sapiens and their predecessors evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth, including a 1 g gravity and a geomagnetic field (GMF). These variables, plus others, led to complex organisms that evolved under a defined set of conditions and define how humans will respond to space flight, a circumstance that could not have been anticipated by evolution. Over the past ~60 years, space flight and living in low Earth orbit (LEO) have revealed that astronauts are impacted to varying degrees by such new environments. In addition, it has been noted that astronauts are quite heterogeneous in their response patterns, indicating that such variation is either silent if one remained on Earth, or the heterogeneity unknowingly contributes to disease development during aging or in response to insults. With the planned mission to deep space, humans will now be exposed to further risks from radiation when traveling beyond the influence of the GMF, as well as other potential risks that are associated with the actual loss of the GMF on the astronauts, their microbiomes, and growing food sources. Experimental studies with model systems have revealed that hypogravity conditions can influence a variety biological and physiological systems, and thus the loss of the GMF may have unanticipated consequences to astronauts’ systems, such as those that are electrical in nature (i.e., the cardiovascular system and central neural systems). As astronauts have been shown to be heterogeneous in their responses to LEO, they may require personalized countermeasures, while others may not be good candidates for deep-space missions if effective countermeasures cannot be developed for long-duration missions. This review will discuss several of the physiological and neural systems that are affected and how the emerging variables may influence astronaut health and functioning.

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Section: Additional Risks Of Space Flight Into Deep Space and Living ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Hart

2023

Life

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“…This classification is still valid today. So far, many studies have been conducted, but no study has provided a satisfactory methodology [5].…”

Section: Overview Of Open Questions Guidelines Recommendations and St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the scientific literature that deals with the adverse non-thermal effects of RF-EMF, we come across different findings and conclusions depending on the authors, the type of studies, the type of research, research financiers, etc. [5]. Many review papers are based on available studies regarding RF's impact on health in the range from 6 GHz to 100 GHz [5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Health Effects From Non-thermal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuzzy Decision Algorithm for Health Impact Assessment in a 5G Environment

Pantelic

Vulević²,

Milić

2023

Applied Sciences

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The widespread use of mobile phones and other wireless communication devices raises concerns about radiation’s impact on humans. A new algorithm for making decisions for the assessment of the biological impact of non-ionizing radiation is presented in this paper. The algorithm was developed according to ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines using fuzzy logic. Appropriate membership function choices and optimized fuzzy rule selections are crucial for fuzzy modeling. Fuzzy logic is widely applied for multiparameter process modeling using linguistic forms and mathematical expressions. A comprehensive analysis of 4G and 5G network parameters was carried out including electrical and magnetic field strengths, frequency ranges, power densities, and exposure times. The proposed hands-on fuzzy decision-making algorithm can be used for fast, easy, and reliable non-ionizing radiation risk assessment for the following social groups: residents, on-site workers, and professional users.

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“…With the development of mobile communication technology and the popularization of smartphones, electromagnetic exposure due to mobile communications is receiving increasing attention (Balmori, 2022; Jagetia, 2022; Kaur et al., 2023; Tran et al., 2023). Moreover, studies over the years have shown that electromagnetic exposure caused by downlink in mobile communication occupies a significant proportion, so effective measurement of exposure to downlink signals has always been the focus in the field of electromagnetic measurement (Birks et al., 2018; Choi et al., 2018; Eeftens et al., 2018; Koppel et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Calibration of EMF: A Study Using Phone and GBDT for Mobile Communication Signals

Zeng,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Radio Science

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Electromagnetic exposure caused by mobile communication signals has always been a cause of concern. Due to the cost and inconvenience of professional measurement equipment, researchers have turned to smartphone APPs to study and assess the electric field strength caused by mobile communication signals. However, existing cell phone‐based measurements have two weaknesses. First, no system architecture suitable for large‐scale crowdsourced testing has been proposed. Second, since smartphone sensors cannot measure electric field strength directly, existing methods for converting the received signal power of the phone and electric field strength have errors of more than 5 dB. This paper proposes a measurement and calibration method for electric field strength of mobile communication signals based on a smartphone app and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT). This method consists of a downlink signal acquisition system based on an APP and a calibration model based on GBDT to convert received signal power into electric field strength. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a R2 score of 0.93 and a MAE of 0.97 dB. Compared with the existing methods, our method improves the calibration accuracy by 4 dB, enabling large‐scale, low‐cost, and high‐precision direct measurement of the electric field strength of mobile communication signals.

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Evidence for a health risk by RF on humans living around mobile phone base stations: From radiofrequency sickness to cancer

Cited by 23 publications

References 124 publications

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Fuzzy Decision Algorithm for Health Impact Assessment in a 5G Environment

Measurement and Calibration of EMF: A Study Using Phone and GBDT for Mobile Communication Signals

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