Evidence for Acyl-Ghrelin Modulation of Growth Hormone Release in the Fed State

Nass, Ralf; Farhy, Leon S.; Liu, Jianhua; Prudom, Catherine E.; Johnson, Michael L.; Veldhuis, Paula P.; Pezzoli, Suzan S.; Oliveri, Mary C.; Gaylinn, Bruce D.; Geysen, H. Mario; Thorner, Michael O.

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2234

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, higher acyl ghrelin levels may affect the GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system. There are reports that higher AG levels would increase GH and IGF1 levels (26,27,28,29) and thereby linear growth could be affected. Although none of our patients manifested markedly abnormal growth velocity, we did not measure their serum GH/IGF1 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of plasma ghrelin in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II

Akamizu

Sakura²,

Shigematsu³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Ghrelin requires a fatty acid modification for binding to the GH secretagogue receptor. Acylation of the Ser3 residue of ghrelin is essential for its biological activities. We hypothesized that acyl-CoA is the fatty acid substrate for ghrelin acylation. Because serum octanoyl-CoA levels are altered by fatty acid oxidation disorders, we examined circulating ghrelin levels in affected patients. Materials and methods: Blood levels of acyl (A) and des-acyl (D) forms of ghrelin and acylcarnitine of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II (GA2) were measured. Results: Plasma acyl ghrelin levels and A/D ratios increased in patients with MCAD deficiency or GA2 when compared with normal subjects. Reverse-phase HPLC confirmed that n-octanoylated ghrelin levels were elevated in these patients. Conclusion: Changing serum medium-chain acylcarnitine levels may affect circulating acyl ghrelin levels, suggesting that acyl-CoA is the substrate for ghrelin acylation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of plasma ghrelin in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II

Akamizu

Sakura²,

Shigematsu³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…We could not find any significant correlation between insulin and ghrelin after transplantation, probably due in part to the small number of patients, although other factors could contribute to ghrelin regulation. Ghrelin is a potent stimuli for GH secretion (7,16) and, at least under certain physiological conditions, ghrelin modulates the regulation of GH secretion (36). Although the relationship between ghrelin and GH secretion is controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered fasting and postprandial plasma ghrelin levels in patients with liver failure are normalized after liver transplantation

Diz-Lois

García-Buela²,

Suárez³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Context: Anorexia is a problem of paramount importance in patients with advanced liver failure. Ghrelin has important actions on feeding and weight homeostasis. Experimental data exist, which suggest that ghrelin could protect hepatic tissue. Both fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ghrelin concentrations are controversial in liver cirrhosis and are unknown after liver transplantation. Objective: Our aim was to study fasting ghrelin concentrations and their response to an OGTT in liver failure patients before and after liver transplantation. Design and methods: We included 21 patients with severe liver failure studied before (pretransplantation, PreT) and 6 months after liver transplantation (posttransplantation, PostT), and 10 age-and body mass index-matched healthy or overweight subjects as the control group (Cont). After an overnight fast, 75 g of oral glucose were administered; glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were obtained at baseline and at times 30, 60, 90, and 120 min.

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“…Secretion is tightly regulated in response to circadian rhythms, food ingestion, stress, and other factors. Plasma ghrelin concentrations rise dramatically before meals and decline immediately after eating commences (2)(3)(4). Once released, ghrelin reaches the pituitary, where it binds to its receptor and stimulates the secretion of growth hormone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin secretion stimulated by β ₁ -adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice

Zhao¹,

Sakata²,

Li³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

219

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Ghrelin, an octanoylated peptide hormone produced in the stomach, rises dramatically in mouse plasma during chronic severe calorie deprivation, an event that is essential to maintain life. The mechanism for this increase is not understood. Here, we study the control of ghrelin secretion in tissue culture cells derived from mice bearing ghrelinomas induced by a tissue-specific SV40 T-antigen transgene. We found that the ghrelin-secreting cells express high levels of mRNA encoding β 1 -adrenergic receptors. Addition of norepinephrine or epinephrine to the culture medium stimulated ghrelin secretion, and this effect was blocked by atenolol, a selective β 1 -adrenergic antagonist. When WT mice were treated with reserpine to deplete adrenergic neurotransmitters from sympathetic neurons, the fasting-induced increase in plasma ghrelin was blocked. Inhibition was also seen following atenolol administration. We conclude that ghrelin secretion during fasting is induced by adrenergic agents released by sympathetic neurons and acting directly on β 1 receptors on the ghrelinsecreting cells of the stomach.

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Evidence for Acyl-Ghrelin Modulation of Growth Hormone Release in the Fed State

Abstract: Our data support the hypothesis that under normal conditions in subjects given regular meals endogenous acyl-ghrelin acts to increase the amplitude of GH pulses.

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Analysis of plasma ghrelin in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II

Analysis of plasma ghrelin in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II

Altered fasting and postprandial plasma ghrelin levels in patients with liver failure are normalized after liver transplantation

Ghrelin secretion stimulated by β ₁ -adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice

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Evidence for Acyl-Ghrelin Modulation of Growth Hormone Release in the Fed State

Abstract: Our data support the hypothesis that under normal conditions in subjects given regular meals endogenous acyl-ghrelin acts to increase the amplitude of GH pulses.

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Analysis of plasma ghrelin in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II

Analysis of plasma ghrelin in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric aciduria type II

Altered fasting and postprandial plasma ghrelin levels in patients with liver failure are normalized after liver transplantation

Ghrelin secretion stimulated by β 1 -adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice

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Ghrelin secretion stimulated by β ₁ -adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice