Evidence for allelopathy as a mechanism of community composition change by an invasive exotic shrub, Chrysanthemoides monilifera spp. rotundata

Ens, Emilie; French, Kristine; Bremner, John B.

doi:10.1007/s11104-008-9765-3

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Native species may release compounds via leaf litter or soil exudates which affect the development of bitou individuals. There is some evidence that native species exhibit phytotoxic effects against other native species in coastal dune environments (Ens et al 2009), and the allelopathic effects of one species used in our experiment (Cynodon dactylon) have been reported, specifically in suppressing crop species (e.g. Mahmoodzadeh 2010).…”

Section: Planted Treatments Facilitate Bitou Germination But Suppressmentioning

confidence: 75%

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

2013

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Different arrival order scenarios of native functional groups to a site may influence both resource use during development and final community structure. Arrival order may then indirectly influence community resistance to invasion. We present a mesocosm experiment of constructed coastal dune communities that monitored biotic and abiotic responses to different arrival orders of native functional groups. Constructed communities were compared with unplanted mesocosms. We then simulated a single invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), a dominant exotic shrub of coastal communities. We evaluated the hypothesis that plantings with simultaneous representation of grass, herb and shrub functional groups at the beginning of the experiment would more completely sequester resources and limit invasion than staggered plantings. Staggered plantings in turn would offer greater resource use and invasion resistance than unplanted mesocosms. Contrary to our expectations, there were few effects of arrival order on abiotic variables for the duration of the experiment and arrival order was unimportant in final community invasibility. All planted mesocosms supported significantly more invader germinants and significantly less invader abundance than unplanted mesocosms. Native functional group plantings may have a nurse effect during the invader germination and establishment phase and a competitive function during the invader juvenile and adult phase. Arrival order per se did not affect resource use and community invasibility in our mesocosm experiment. While grass, herb and shrub functional group plantings will not prevent invasion success in restored communities, they may limit final invader biomass. KeywordsHistorical contingency, priority effect, exotic, community structure, mesocosm AbstractDifferent arrival order scenarios of native functional groups to a site may influence both resource use during development and final community structure. Arrival order may then indirectly influence community resistance to invasion. We present a mesocosm experiment of constructed coastal dune communities that monitored biotic and abiotic responses to different arrival orders of native functional groups. Constructed communities were compared with unplanted mesocosms. We then simulated a single invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), a dominant exotic shrub of coastal communities. We evaluated the hypothesis that plantings with simultaneous representation of grass, herb and shrub functional groups at the beginning of the experiment would more completely sequester resources and limit invasion than staggered plantings. Staggered plantings in turn would offer greater resource use and invasion resistance than unplanted mesocosms.Contrary to our expectations, there were few effects of arrival order on abiotic variables for the duration of the experiment and arrival order was unimportant in final community invasibility. All planted mesocosms supported significantly more invader germina...

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Section: Planted Treatments Facilitate Bitou Germination But Suppressmentioning

confidence: 75%

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

2013

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“…There is evidence that this biogeographic shift in competitive impact may be directly contributed to by novel allelopathic effects (Callaway and Aschehoug 2000;Mallik and Pellissier 2000;McKenney et al 2007;Ens et al 2009b;He et al 2009). Competition between native species can be affected by the indirect effects of secondary metabolites exuded by roots and contained in litter (Meier and Bowman 2008); however, little is known about how the indirect effects may operate in invaded ecosystems.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Invasive Plants-litter and Exudatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Plants on Soil Chemistry and Ecosystem Function

2010

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Invasive plants have a multitude of impacts on plant communities through their direct and indirect effects on soil chemistry and ecosystem function. For example, plants modify the soil environment through root exudates that affect soil structure, and mobilize and/or chelate nutrients. The long-term impact of litter and root exudates can modify soil nutrient pools, and there is evidence that invasive plant species may alter nutrient cycles differently from native species. The effects of plants on ecosystem biogeochemistry may be caused by differences in leaf tissue nutrient stoichiometry or secondary metabolites, although evidence for the importance of allelochemicals in driving these processes is lacking. Some invasive species may gain a competitive advantage through the release of compounds or combinations of compounds that are unique to the invaded community—the “novel weapons hypothesis.” Invasive plants also can exert profound impact on plant communities indirectly through the herbicides used to control them. Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the world, often is used to help control invasive weeds, and generally is considered to have minimal environmental impacts. Most studies show little to no effect of glyphosate and other herbicides on soil microbial communities. However, herbicide applications can reduce or promote rhizobium nodulation and mycorrhiza formation. Herbicide drift can affect the growth of non-target plants, and glyphosate and other herbicides can impact significantly the secondary chemistry of plants at sublethal doses. In summary, the literature indicates that invasive species can alter the biogeochemistry of ecosystems, that secondary metabolites released by invasive species may play important roles in soil chemistry as well as plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions, and that the herbicides used to control invasive species can impact plant chemistry and ecosystems in ways that have yet to be fully explored.

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“…rotundata inhibited the growth of indigenous species more than comparable extracts from A. longifolia var. sophorae soil (Ens et al 2009). In contrast, the present study found that during spring, hydrophobic compounds in the soil surrounding A. longifolia var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sophorae roots but not in A. longifolia var. sophorae soil in winter (Ens et al 2009). The hydrophobic, solvent-derived extracts of C. monilifera spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel technique shows different hydrophobic chemical signatures of exotic and indigenous plant soils with similar effects of extracts on indigenous species seedling growth

et al. 2009

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Evidence for allelopathy as a mechanism of community composition change by an invasive exotic shrub, Chrysanthemoides monilifera spp. rotundata

Cited by 47 publications

References 43 publications

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities

Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Plants on Soil Chemistry and Ecosystem Function

Novel technique shows different hydrophobic chemical signatures of exotic and indigenous plant soils with similar effects of extracts on indigenous species seedling growth

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