Evidence for an impact of melanopsin activation on unique white perception

Cao, Dingcai; Chang, Adam; Gai, Shaoyan

doi:10.1364/josaa.35.00b287

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A body of data suggest that the signal of ambient light provided by melanopsin is used to adjust aspects of conventional cone-based vision 15–21 . However, experiments in both mice and humans indicate that melanopsin can also influence perception more directly, by providing a sense of ‘brightness’ 12,14,22 (and perhaps in other ways 23 ). For technical reasons, melanopsin-driven perception has, thus far, been studied only with diffuse and/or large featureless stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form vision from melanopsin in humans

2019

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Detection and discrimination of spatial patterns is thought to originate with photoreception by rods and cones. Here, we investigated whether the inner-retinal photoreceptor melanopsin could represent a third origin for form vision. We developed a 4-primary visual display capable of presenting patterns differing in contrast for melanopsin vs cones, and generated spectrally distinct stimuli that were indistinguishable for cones (metamers) but presented contrast for melanopsin. Healthy observers could detect sinusoidal gratings formed by these metamers when presented in the peripheral retina at low spatial (≤0.8 cpd) and temporal (≤0.45 Hz) frequencies, and Michelson contrasts ≥14% for melanopsin. Metameric gratings became invisible at lower light levels (<10 13 melanopsin photons cm −2 sr −1 s −1 ) when rods are more active. The addition of metameric increases in melanopsin contrast altered appearance of greyscale representations of coarse gratings and a range of everyday images. These data identify melanopsin as a new potential origin for aspects of spatial vision in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form vision from melanopsin in humans

2019

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“…The second possibility is the influence of rods and ipRGCs in color appearance. It has been shown that ipRGCs have a visual impact on peripheral vision 39 – 43 . However, the subtypes of ipRGCs, M2 and M4, which innervate dLGN 44 , also exist in the fovea 45 , suggesting that ipRGCs affect color perception even in the fovea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect appearance match between self-luminous and surface colors can be performed with isomeric spectra

Kagimoto

Okajima

2020

Sci Rep

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Surface color results from a reflected light bounced off a material, such as a paper. By contrast, self-luminous color results directly from an emitting light, such as a Liquid Crystal (LC) display. These are completely different mechanisms, and thus, surface color and self-luminous color cannot be matched even though both have identical tristimulus values. In fact, previous research has reported that metameric color matching fails among diverse media. However, the reason for this failure remains unclear. In the present study, we created isomeric color-matching pairs between self-luminous and surface colors by modulating the spectral distribution of the light for surface colors. Then, we experimentally verified whether such color matching can be performed. The results show that isomeric color matching between self-luminous and surface colors can be performed for all participants. However, metameric color matching fails for most participants, indicating that differences in the spectral distributions rather than the different color-generating mechanisms themselves are the reason for the color matching failure between different devices. We experimentally demonstrated that there is no essential problem in cross-media color matching by generating isomeric pairs. Our results can be considered to be of great significance not only for color science, but also for the color industry.

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“…However, this study and a recent one [17] employing a similar system find that non-visual responses can be manipulated with a modified VDU with more than three primaries. Additionally, there is more and more evidence that melanopsin contributes to “classical” visual functions such as the perception of brightness [22, 42], colour [9, 43], space (humans: [9]; mice: [44, 45]), contrast [46, 47], and other visual attributes (humans: [24], mice: [48–50]). It remains an interesting question to what extent the classical colour matching functions, which are the basis of our current cone fundamentals, reflect the activity of melanopsin (though the amount of rod contributions have been discussed extensively [51]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies

et al. 2019

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Under typical daytime light levels, the human pupillary light response (PLR) is driven by the activity of the L, M, and S cones, and melanopsin expressed in the so-called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However, the importance of each of these photoreceptive mechanisms in defining pupil size under real-world viewing conditions remains to be established. To address this question, we embedded photoreceptor-specific modulations in a movie displayed using a novel projector-based five-primary spatial stimulation system, which allowed for the precise control of photoreceptor activations in time and space. We measured the pupillary light response in eleven observers, who viewed short cartoon movies which contained hidden low-frequency (0.25 Hz) silent-substitution modulations of the L, M and S cones (no stimulation of melanopsin), melanopsin (no stimulation of L, M and S cones), both L, M, and S cones and melanopsin or no modulation at all. We find that all photoreceptors active at photopic light levels regulate pupil size under this condition. Our data imply that embedding modulations in photoreceptor contrast could provide a method to manipulate key adaptive aspects of the human visual system in everyday, real-world activities such as watching a movie.

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Evidence for an impact of melanopsin activation on unique white perception

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Form vision from melanopsin in humans

Form vision from melanopsin in humans

Perfect appearance match between self-luminous and surface colors can be performed with isomeric spectra

Pupil responses to hidden photoreceptor–specific modulations in movies

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