Evidence for Batesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid

Johnson, Stacey M.

doi:10.1006/bijl.1994.1062

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Nesse mecanismo, a abertura mais ou menos tubular permite apenas a passagem da língua, geral de flor melitófila que oferece recompensa, devido às suas características morfológicas, coloração, guias de néctar com absorção de luz ultra-violeta e presença de osmóforos. Esse tipo de mimetismo de um modelo generalizado é o mais comum em Orchidaceae, encontrado em 8.000 a 10.000 espécies na família (Ackerman 1981, 1986a, b, Dafni & Calder 1987, Catling & Catling 1991, Nilsson 1992, Johnson 1993, sendo o mimetismo Batesiano de ocorrência rara (Johnson 1994(Johnson , 2000. Devido à capacidade de aprendizado dos polinizadores, especialmente das abelhas, flores de engodo recebem menor visitação e, conseqüentemente, apresentam menor frutificação do que espécies que oferecem recompensa, uma vez que, nas primeiras, os animais tendem a não retornar às flores (Ackerman 1975, Dafni & Calder 1987, Braga 1977, Montalvo & Ackerman 1987, Gill 1989, Nilsson, 1992, Rodrígues-Robles et al 1992, Sabat & Ackerman 1996, Borba & Semir 1998).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal

Borba

Braga

2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Reproductive biology of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis Porto & Brade (Orchidaceae): melittophyly and selfcompatibility in a basal Laeliinae). The floral biology, mating systems and phenology of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae), in the "Estação de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti", São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, Minas Gerais state was studied. This species flowers from April to September, with a higher availability of flowers in June and July. The flowers are dark-pink, strongly zygomorphic, and have osmophores and nectar-guides absorbing ultraviolet light. However, the flowers of P. corcovadensis do not present nectar and are pollinated by Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus Franklin, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by deceit. Apparently, the flowers do not form a model-mimic pair with other species in the community, but mimic a generalized melittophilous food-flower. As a consequence, visits are very rare and fruit set is low (18%). Pseudolaelia corcovadensis is self-compatible and presents inbreeding depression in the early stages of development. The phylogenetic position of the genus Pseudolaelia and studies on floral biology in related genera suggest that melittophyly and selfcompatibility are basal characters in the subtribe Laeliinae, with subsequent adaptive radiation to pollination by hummingbirds, Lepidoptera, Diptera and other Hymenoptera.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal

Borba

Braga

2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Previous measurements of the flower colour of these plants [21] figure 2). Measurements were taken with an Ocean Optics (Dunedin, FL, USA) USB 4500 spectrometer and a UV-vis 400 fibre optic reflection probe, held 5 mm away from the petal surface at 458.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Floral Batesian mimicry is the adaptive resemblance of flowers of a non-rewarding plant species (mimic) to those of co-occurring rewarding plant species (model), where the function of this resemblance is to deceive pollinators into visiting the mimic. Deception is usually achieved through similarities in floral shape, scent or colour [21][22][23]. Potential for floral divergence occurs if the non-rewarding plant coexists with different rewarding species across its geographical range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential for floral divergence occurs if the non-rewarding plant coexists with different rewarding species across its geographical range. Partial evidence for this idea was obtained by Johnson [21], who showed that the non-rewarding South African orchid (Disa ferruginea) has allopatric red and orange floral morphs that are very similar in appearance to the red-flowered Tritoniopsis triticea (Iridaceae) and orange-flowered Kniphofia uvaria (Asphodelaceae), respectively. He demonstrated that the only pollinator of both deceptive orchid morphs is the large nymphalid butterfly Aeropetes tulbaghia that relies heavily on nectar from T. triticea and K. uvaria, making this a putative example of floral Batesian mimicry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flower colour adaptation in a mimetic orchid

2012

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Although the tremendous variability in floral colour among angiosperms is often attributed to divergent selection by pollinators, it is usually difficult to preclude the possibility that floral colour shifts were driven by non-pollinator processes. Here, we examine the adaptive significance of flower colour in Disa ferruginea, a non-rewarding orchid that is thought to attract its butterfly pollinator by mimicking the flowers of sympatric nectar-producing species. Disa ferruginea has red flowers in the western part of its range and orange flowers in the eastern part-a colour shift that we hypothesized to be the outcome of selection for resemblance to different local nectar-producing plants. Using reciprocal translocations of red and orange phenotypes as well as arrays of artificial flowers, we found that the butterfly Aeropetes tulbaghia, the only pollinator of the orchid, preferred both the red phenotype and red artificial flowers in the west where its main nectar plant also has red flowers, and both the orange phenotype and orange artificial flowers in the east, where its main nectar plant has orange flowers. This phenotype by environment interaction demonstrates that the flower colour shift in D. ferruginea is adaptive and driven by local colour preference in its pollinator.

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“…Most deceptive orchids have not evolved species-specific Batesian floral mimicry (Johnson et al 2003;Li et al 2006), although it has been attributed to various species around the world, including Red Helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra [L.] Richard) from Europe (nilsson 1983), Leopard Orchid (Diuris maculata Smith) from Australia (Beardsell et al 1986), and Cluster Disa (Disa ferruginea [thunb.] Swartz) from South Africa (Johnson 1994). Mimicry has been reported only recently in two of approximately 50 species of Cypripedium, a genus of the northern hemisphere (Li et al 2011): a Japanese Lady's-slipper (C. macranthos Sw. var.…”

Section: Floral Mimicry Is Rare In Orchidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmia species (Megachilidae) pollinate Cypripedium parviflorum (Orchidaceae) and Packera paupercula (Asteraceae): a localized case of Batesian mimicry?

Catling¹

2015

Can Field Nat

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The pollinator-non-rewarding Large Yellow Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens [Willdenow] Knight) and the rewarding Balsam Ragwort (Packera paupercula [Michaux] Á. Löve & D. Löve) exist together in some eastern Ontario alvars where they share a group of medium-sized, dark blue metallic pollinators in the bee genus Osmia (Mason Bees, Megachilidae). I provide evidence of floral mimicry of the ragwort by the orchid based on several observations: (1) Osmia visiting P. paupercula also visit C. parviflorum var. pubescens; (2) Osmia are more frequent visitors to P. paupercula than to other co-blooming plants; (3) Osmia are the primary pollinators of C. parviflorum var. pubescens; (4) the behaviour of Osmia on the flower of C. parviflorum var. pubescens involving landing on the staminode suggests mimicry; and (5) the largest populations of C. parviflorum var. pubescens in Ontario are in alvar landscapes where P. paupercula is abundant. Pollination in Large Yellow Lady's-slipper may vary geographically from non-model to species-specific Batesian mimicry, which is rare in orchids. This latter pollination mechanism may have evolved in ice-front environments during the Pleistocene, but then became isolated to unusual partial analogues of ice-front habitat during the Holocene with pollination in most of the current range appearing to be a generalist strategy.

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Evidence for Batesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal

Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal

Flower colour adaptation in a mimetic orchid

<em>Osmia</em> species (Megachilidae) pollinate <em>Cypripedium parviflorum</em> (Orchidaceae) and <em>Packera paupercula</em> (Asteraceae): a localized case of Batesian mimicry?

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