Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations

McGahern, A. M.; Bower, Mim A.; Edwards, Ceiridwen J.; Brophy, P. O.; Sulimova, G. E.; Захаров, И. К.; Vizuete-Forster, Matthieu; Levine, Marsha; Li, S.; MacHugh, David E.; Hill, E. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01495.x

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studies of mitochondrial DNA have shown that modern horses are descended from at least 77 different wild mares, with a last common ancestor over 300,000 years ago, and so probably originated in very different regions (Vilá et al 2001;Jansen et al 2002). Despite this matrilineal genetic diversity, correlations between modern breeds of horses and mitochondrial genotype are uncommon (Jansen et al 2002;Lopes et al 2005;McGahern et al 2006). This is probably because horse-trading and horse-stealing, sometimes over long distances, have been popular and profitable for a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mitochondrial sequence variation in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and possible modern relatives

et al. 2009

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Movements of human populations leave their traces in the genetic makeup of the areas affected; the same applies to the horses that move with their owners This study is concerned with the mitochondrial control region genotypes of 31 archaeological horse remains, excavated from pre-conquest Avar and post-conquest Hungarian burial sites in the Carpathian Basin dating from the sixth to the tenth century. To investigate relationships to other ancient and recent breeds, modern Hucul and Akhal Teke samples were also collected, and mtDNA control region (CR) sequences from 76 breeds representing 921 individual specimens were combined with our sequence data. Phylogenetic relationships among horse mtDNA CR haplotypes were estimated using both genetic distance and the non-dichotomous network method. Both methods indicated a separation between horses of the Avars and the Hungarians. Our results show that the ethnic changes induced by the Hungarian Conquest were accompanied by a corresponding change in the stables of the Carpathian Basin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mitochondrial sequence variation in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and possible modern relatives

et al. 2009

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“…Otherwise, the haplogroup structure of West European breeds with the dominant L (Cieslak et al, 2010) and Bulgarian mountain pony breeds with higher percentage of M and J is also quite different (Hristov et al, 2016). The best congruency can be found to horses from the Middle East (Achilli et al, 2012) with exception of East Anatolian horses (Koban et al, 2012) although the group G has a higher percentage in Kabardian horses at expense of group L. In breeds from Middle East (Ahkal Teke, Caspian), the haplogroup L is dominant followed by a mixture of A/B/G (McGahern et al, 2006a;Cieslak et al, 2010). But overall, the majority of haplotypes and haplogroups are not restricted to a certain geographical area or a specific breed.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the very high mitochondrial haplotype diversity in horses is a well-known fact (Cardinali et al, 2016;Gemingguli et al, 2016). Multiple, widespread and repeated domestication of diverse founder mares as well as mixed origin of most breeds are considered as likely causes for this phenomenon (Cozzi et al, 2004;McGahern et al, 2006a;Lei et al, 2009). In agreement with previous studies, only one to three horses share the same haplotype (Cozzi et al, 2004;Lei et al, 2009;Achilli et al, 2012;Bigi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by uniparental molecular markers

Khaudov¹,

Duduev²,

Kokov³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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Studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as the non-recombining part of the Y chromosome help to understand the origin and distribution of maternal and paternal lineages. The Kabardian horse from Northern Caucasia which is well-known for strength, stamina and endurance in distance riding has a large gap in its breeding documentation especially in the recent past. A 309 bp fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop (156 Kabardian horses) and six mutations in Y chromosome (49 Kabardian stallions), respectively, were analyzed to get a better insight into breeding history, phylogenetic relationship to related breeds, maternal and paternal diversity and genetic structure. We found a high mitochondrial diversity represented by 64 D-loop haplotypes out of 14 haplogroups. The most frequent haplogroups were G (19.5%), L (12.3%), Q (11.7%), and B (11.0%). Although these four haplogroups are also frequently found in Asian riding horses (e.g. Buryat, Kirghiz, Mongolian, Transbaikalian, Tuvinian) the percentage of the particular haplogroups varies sometimes remarkable. In contrast, the obtained haplogroup pattern from Kabardian horse was more similar to that of breeds reared in the Middle East. No specific haplotype cluster was observed in the phylogenetic tree for Kabardian horses. On Kabardian Y chromosome, two mutations were found leading to three haplotypes with a percentage of 36.7% (haplotype HT1), 38.8% (haplotype HT2) and 24.5% (haplotype HT3), respectively. The high mitochondrial and also remarkable paternal diversity of the Kabardian horse is caused by its long history with a widely spread maternal origin and the introduction of Arabian as well as Thoroughbred influenced stallions for improvement. This high genetic diversity provides a good situation for the ongoing breed development and performance selection as well as avoiding inbreeding.

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“…Recent studies on the origin of the domestic horse have looked at the inter-population distances (Jansen et al 2002;Aberle and Distl, 2004;McGahern et al, 2006). The genetic monitoring of endangered populations is an important issue (Ząbek et al, 2005;Àlvarez et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic distances between horse breeds in Poland estimated according to blood protein polymorphism

Stachurska¹,

Nogaj²,

Brodacki³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT. The objective of the study was to estimate the heterozygosity and phylogenetic relationship between horse breeds in Poland, according to erythrocyte antigens and protein polymorphisms. The study included 15 434 horses: Polish Coldblood, Małopolski, Wielkopolski, Hucul, Polish Konik, Biłgorajski, Felin Pony, and ponies of Shetland origin. A total of 14 loci were studied: seven blood groups and seven protein polymorphism systems. Phylogenetic trees obtained for the erythrocyte antigens and protein variants were mostly alike which suggests that both kinds of markers may be equally used in estimating the similarity of animal populations. The lower polymorphism of the structural and enzymatic proteins, as compared with the erythrocyte antigen, resulted in a lower number of alleles per locus, lower heterozygosity, and closer genetic distances. The level of heterozygosity and phylogenetic trees of the breeds turned out to be mostly concordant with the known history of the populations. Małopolski and Wielkopolski horses are the most homozygous, the Huculs, Polish Koniks, and Biłgorajskis have a middle position, while the Polish Coldbloods and the ponies are the most heterozygous. The Polish Koniks are the most related to other breeds which shows that all the breeds studied, Polish Coldbloods included, have many indigenous ancestors. The Huculs, Polish Koniks, and Biłgorajskis are closely related. In spite of different histories, the Małopolski and Wielkopolski horses have the closest relationship. The Felin Ponies cluster together with the Shetlands. According to the blood groups and protein variation, the genetic diversity of the studied horse breeds is low and mainly due to individual differences. The low genetic variability of the breeds suggests reconsidering the long-term strategies of horse breeding in Poland, particularly of the conserved breeds.

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Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

Mitochondrial sequence variation in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and possible modern relatives

Mitochondrial sequence variation in ancient horses from the Carpathian Basin and possible modern relatives

Genetic analysis of maternal and paternal lineages in Kabardian horses by uniparental molecular markers

Genetic distances between horse breeds in Poland estimated according to blood protein polymorphism

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