Evidence for Circulation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Type 2c in Ruminants in Southern Italy

Decaro, Nicola; Lucente, Maria Stella; Lanave, Gianvito; Gargano, P.; Larocca, Vittorio; Losurdo, Michele; Ciambrone, Lucia; Marino, P.; Parisi, Antonio; Casalinuovo, Francesco; Buonavoglia, Canio; Elia, Gabriella

doi:10.1111/tbed.12592

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In recent years, Piedmont and Central and Southern areas concurred mainly to a restricted geographical circulation of BVDV-1b and 1e, as demonstrated by significant local transmission networks, suggesting a local maintenance of BVDV infections. This hypothesis was also supported by previous identification of several BVDV types and subtypes restricted to North-western, Central and Southern Italy (Luzzago et al, 2014;Giammarioli et al, 2015;Decaro et al, 2016).…”

Section: Phylogeographic Analysis Of the European Dataset Suggests Thsupporting

confidence: 79%

Highlighting priority areas for bovine viral diarrhea control in Italy: A phylogeographic approach

Ebranati

Lauzi

Cerutti

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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The prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a geographic area are largely influenced by live animal trade and management practices. Despite control and eradication programs currently underway in several European countries, the risk of BVDV spread within and among countries is still present. BVDV-1 is the predominant type circulating in European cattle population. In this study, a phylogeographic analysis was applied to the BVDV-1 highest prevalent subtypes in Italy to reconstruct the origin and spatial-temporal distribution and to trace main viral flows between different locations to highlight priority areas for BVDV control. A comprehensive dataset of BVDV-1b (n = 173) and 1e (n = 172) 5' UTR sequences was analysed, including both novel and published sequences from Italy and from European countries bordering and/or with commercial cattle flows with Italy. A common phylogeographic pattern was observed for BVDV-1b and 1e subtypes: interspersion from multiple Italian areas and European countries was widespread until the end of the last century, whereas significant local clusters were observed starting from 2000. These findings support a continuous viral flow among different areas over long time scales with no evidence of significant geographical structure, while local transmission networks are limited to more recent years. Northern Italy has been confirmed as the area of origin of the main clades of both BVDV subtypes at national level, acting both as a crucial area for introduction and a maintenance source for other areas. Piedmont, Central and Southern Italian regions contributed to limited geographical distribution and local BVDV-1b and 1e persistence. On the whole, priority control measures for BVDV-1b and 1e in Italy should be focused on: i) implementation of BVDV systematic control in all Northern Italian regions to break the viral flow from larger to smaller animal populations; and ii) breaking the dynamics of infections in regions with self-maintenance of BVDV by voluntary control programs.

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Section: Phylogeographic Analysis Of the European Dataset Suggests Thsupporting

confidence: 79%

Highlighting priority areas for bovine viral diarrhea control in Italy: A phylogeographic approach

Ebranati

Lauzi

Cerutti

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…We acknowledge that a limitation of this study is the type of tissue utilized for detection of BVDV genetic material. Although there are studies that used serum to detect BVDV by PCR [42,43], BVDV has trophism for epithelia of both the alimentary and integumentary systems [44], however, due to the collection strategies available to us during the sampling procedures, specimens that would be more reliable in detecting low levels of viral nucleic acid over a longer period of infection time, such as reproductive tissues [45,46] or spleen [47], were not available for testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection

Huaman

Pacioni

Forsyth

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Since deer were introduced into Australia in the mid-1800s, their wild populations have increased in size and distribution, posing a potential risk to the livestock industry, through their role in pathogen transmission cycles. In comparison to livestock, there are limited data on viral infections in all wildlife, including deer. The aim of this study was to assess blood samples from wild Australian deer for serological evidence of exposure to relevant viral livestock diseases. Blood samples collected across eastern Australia were tested by ELISA to detect antigens and antibodies against Pestivirus and antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1. A subset of samples was also assessed by RT-PCR for Pestivirus, Simbu serogroup, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bovine ephemeral fever virus. Our findings demonstrated a very low seroprevalence (3%) for ruminant Pestivirus, and none of the other viruses tested were detected. These results suggest that wild deer may currently be an incidental spill-over host (rather than a reservoir host) for Pestivirus. However, deer could be a future source of viral infections for domestic animals in Australia. Further investigations are needed to monitor pathogen activity and quantify possible future infectious disease impacts of wild deer on the Australian livestock industry.

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“…▲ : Isolates from different clusters, but given the same name. References (I): [21,49,114,115,116]; (II): [41,49]; (III): [117]; (IV): [118]; (V): [119,120]; (VI): [52]; (VII): [21,49,121]; (VIII): [122,123,124,125,126]; (IX): [21]; (X): [127,128,129]; (XI): [21,49,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140]; (XII): [141]; (XIII): [142,143]; (XIV): [144]; (XV): [21,49,52]; (XVI): [145,146]; (XVII): [21,40,147,148,149,150,151,152]; (XVIII): [153]; (XIX): [9,154,155,156]; (XX): [157,158,159,160,161,162]; (XXI): […”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Yeşilbağ

Alpay

Becher

2017

Viruses

208

250

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.

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Evidence for Circulation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Type 2c in Ruminants in Southern Italy

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Highlighting priority areas for bovine viral diarrhea control in Italy: A phylogeographic approach

Highlighting priority areas for bovine viral diarrhea control in Italy: A phylogeographic approach

Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection

Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

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