Evidence for cryptic northern refugia in the last glacial period in Cryptomeria japonica

Kimura, Megumi; Uchiyama, Kentaro; Nakao, Katsuhiro; Moriguchi, Yoshinari; Jose-Maldia, Lerma San; Tsumura, Yoshihiko

doi:10.1093/aob/mcu197

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Comparing the fossil pollen data of a temperate conifer with predicted potential habitats for the LGM, MIROC simulation has been shown to be more realistic than CCSM in the case of Japan (Kimura et al . ). Assuming this conclusion also applies to continental East Asia, we relied more on the MIROC simulation for discussion of the projected LGM distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple glacial refugia for cool‐temperate deciduous trees in northern East Asia: the Mongolian oak as a case study

et al. 2015

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In East Asia, temperate forests are predicted to have retracted southward to c. 30° N during the last glacial maximum (LGM) based on fossil pollen data, whereas phylogeographic studies have often suggested glacial in situ survival of cool-temperate deciduous trees in their modern northern ranges. Here we report a study of the genetic diversity and structure of 29 natural Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) populations using 19 nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments. Bayesian clustering analysis with nSSRs revealed five groups, which were inferred by approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to have diverged in multiple refugia through multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Analysis of chloroplast DNA variation revealed four lineages that were largely but incompletely geographically disjunct. Ecological niche modelling (ENMs) indicated a southward range shift of the oak's distribution at the LGM, although high suitability scores were also evident in the Changbai Mts. (Northeast China), the Korean Peninsula, areas surrounding the Bohai Sea, and along the coast of the Russian Far East. In addition, endemic chloroplast DNA haplotypes and nuclear lineages occurred in high-latitude northern areas where the ENM predicted no suitable habitat. The combined evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA, and the results of the ENM clearly demonstrate that multiple northern refugia, including cryptic ones, were maintained across the current distributional range of the Mongolian oak during the LGM or earlier glacial periods. Though spatially limited, postglacial expansions from these refugia have led to a pattern of decreased genetic diversity with increasing latitude.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple glacial refugia for cool‐temperate deciduous trees in northern East Asia: the Mongolian oak as a case study

et al. 2015

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“…To do this, the geographically and genetically intermediate populations in southern Victoria (see Supplementary Figure S1) were excluded following the strategy of Kimura et al (2014) and the small Kinglake and Yarlington Tier populations were also excluded because they may have inflated estimates of divergence times. Although coalescence analysis may not be as precise as direct evidence (for example, fossil data) for the timing of events, this method can provide information on the temporal hierarchy of intraspecific gene flow and demographic events caused by distributional changes (Kimura et al, 2014). We compared 12 alternative scenarios for the split between Tasmania and Victoria with and without bottlenecks: four that assumed that Victoria split from Tasmania, four that assumed that Tasmania split from Victoria and four that the populations in the two regions split from a common ancestral population (Supplementary Figure S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation in spite of high gene flow in the dominant rainforest tree of southeastern Australia, Nothofagus cunninghamii

et al. 2015

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Nothofagus cunninghamii is a long-lived, wind-pollinated tree species that dominates the cool temperate rainforests of southeastern Australia. The species' distribution is more or less continuous in western Tasmania but is fragmented elsewhere. However, it is unknown whether this fragmentation has affected the species' genetic architecture. Thus, we examined N. cunninghamii using 12 nuclear microsatellites and 633 individuals from 18 populations spanning the species' natural range. Typical of wind-pollinated trees, there was low range-wide genetic structure (F ST = 0.04) consistent with significant gene flow across most of the species' range. However, gene flow was not high enough to overcome the effects of drift across some disjunctions. Victorian populations (separated from Tasmania by the 240 km wide Bass Strait) formed a genetic group distinct from Tasmanian populations, had lower diversity (mean allelic richness (Ar) = 5.4 in Victoria versus 6.9 in Tasmania) and were significantly more differentiated from one another than those in Tasmania (F ST = 0.045 in Victoria versus 0.012 in Tasmania). Evidence for bottlenecking was found in small populations that were at least 20 km from other populations. Interestingly, we found little divergence in microsatellite markers between the extremes of genetically based morphological and physiological altitudinal clines suggesting adaptive differentiation is strongly driven by selection because it is likely to be occurring in the presence of gene flow. Even though the cool temperate rainforests of Australia are highly relictual, the species is relatively robust to population fragmentation due to high levels of genetic diversity and gene flow, especially in Tasmania.

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“…Moderately suitable habitats also occurred in some areas of the current Manchurian walnut distribution: the RFE, the Changbai Mountains, the areas around the Bohai Sea and a small area in the KP, respectively. In comparisons of the fossil pollen data of a temperate conifer with predicted potential habitats for LGM, the MIROC simulation was found to be more realistic than the CCSM in the case of Japan (Kimura et al, 2014). We assumed this conclusion also applies to continental East Asia; therefore, we rely more on the MIROC simulation for discussions of the projected LGM distribution.…”

Section: Present and Past Distribution Of The Manchurian Walnutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of postglacial range expansion in Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae) reveals no evidence of bottleneck, loss of genetic diversity, or isolation by distance in the leading-edge populations

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Evidence for cryptic northern refugia in the last glacial period in Cryptomeria japonica

Cited by 54 publications

References 85 publications

Multiple glacial refugia for cool‐temperate deciduous trees in northern East Asia: the Mongolian oak as a case study

Multiple glacial refugia for cool‐temperate deciduous trees in northern East Asia: the Mongolian oak as a case study

Genetic differentiation in spite of high gene flow in the dominant rainforest tree of southeastern Australia, Nothofagus cunninghamii

Phylogeography of postglacial range expansion in Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae) reveals no evidence of bottleneck, loss of genetic diversity, or isolation by distance in the leading-edge populations

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