Evidence for differences between cultivars in responsiveness of wheat to applied nitrogen

Anderson, W. K.; Seymour, Mark; D'Antuono, MF

doi:10.1071/ar9910363

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We confirm the shortening effects of alleles at the Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 loci (Flintham et al 1997). Also consistent with previous studies, we find semi-dwarfing is beneficial for grain yield when it reduces final crop height to around 800-900 mm in UK conditions (Flintham et al 1997;Austin 1999), and that semidwarfing increases the response to N fertilizer in such circumstances (Anderson et al 1991). That Rht-B1c reduces grain yield because increases in harvest index are insufficient to compensate for reductions in above ground biomass was also reported by Flintham et al (1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contrasting effects of dwarfing alleles and nitrogen availability on mineral concentrations in wheat grain

et al. 2012

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Background and aim Concentrations of essential minerals in plant foods may have declined in modern high-yielding cultivars grown with large applications of nitrogen fertilizer (N). We investigated the effect of dwarfing alleles and N rate on mineral concentrations in wheat. Methods Gibberellin (GA)-insensitive reduced height (Rht) alleles were compared in near isogenic wheat lines. Two field experiments comprised factorial combinations of wheat variety backgrounds, alleles at the Rht-B1 locus (rht-B1a, Rht-B1b, Rht-B1c), and different N rates. A glasshouse experiment also included Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b+D1b in one background. Results In the field, depending on season, Rht-B1b increased crop biomass, dry matter (DM) harvest index, grain yield, and the economically-optimal N rate (N opt ). Rht-B1b did not increase uptake of Cu, Fe, Mg or Zn so these minerals were diluted in grain. Nitrogen increased DM yield and mineral uptake so grain concentrations were increased (Fe in both seasons; Cu, Mg and Zn in one season). Rht-B1b reduced mineral concentrations at N opt in the most N responsive season. In the glasshouse experiment, grain yield was reduced, and mineral concentrations increased, with Rht allele addition. Conclusion Effects of Rht alleles on Fe, Zn, Cu and Mg concentrations in wheat grain are mostly due to their effects on DM, rather than of GA-insensitivity on N opt or mineral uptake. Increased N requirement in semi-dwarf varieties partly offsets this dilution effect

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contrasting effects of dwarfing alleles and nitrogen availability on mineral concentrations in wheat grain

et al. 2012

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“…A genotype with high N-use efficiency is able to realize high yields at low soil-N availability. For many crops, significant genetic variation with respect to N-use efficiency has been demonstrated [24], making breeding for resistance to N-deficiency stress feasible and practical [14,25].…”

Section: Nutrient-use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The need to breed crop varieties suitable for organic farming, using wheat, tomato and broccoli as examples: A review

Bueren

Jones

Tamm

et al. 2011

NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences

326

209

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a b s t r a c tIt is estimated that more than 95% of organic production is based on crop varieties that were bred for the conventional high-input sector. Recent studies have shown that such varieties lack important traits required under organic and low-input production conditions. This is primarily due to selection in conventional breeding programmes being carried out in the background of high inorganic fertilizer and crop protection inputs. Also, some of the traits (e.g., semi-dwarf genes) that were introduced to address problems like lodging in cereals in high-input systems were shown to have negative side-effects (reduced resistance to diseases such as Septoria, lower protein content and poorer nutrient-use efficiency) on the performance of varieties under organic and low-input agronomic conditions. This review paper, using wheat, tomato and broccoli as examples, describes (1) the main traits required under low-input conditions, (2) current breeding programmes for organic, low-input agriculture, (3) currently available breeding and/or selection approaches, and (4) the benefits and potential negative side-effects of different breeding methodologies and their relative acceptability under organic farming principles.

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“…The ∆ 13 C, as an indicator of water stress, has already been used to compare the water-use efficiency of various genotypes [21], but it is, to our knowledge, the first time that it has been used to compare environmental conditions of fields in an on-farm network. Several authors also note a negative correlation between protein concentration and water balance or the amount of soil water (on wheat [1]; on barley [19]; on wheat and rye [22]). Fowler et al [22] specify that measurements of root zone water during stem elongation and pan evaporation (2 weeks prior to maturity) explained 73% of the variability observed in grain protein concentration.…”

Section: Crop Water Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and protein concentration of spring malting barley: the effects of cropping systems in the Paris Basin (France)

Bail

Meynard²

2003

Agronomie

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In an intensive farming region, where farmers achieve very good results with winter wheat or sugar beet, there are still many problems in achieving combined control of yield and grain protein concentration in spring malting barley. A regional agronomic diagnosis was performed on the variations of both these outputs, in a network of twenty farmers' fields for three years. Three key variables explained the joint variations in yield and protein concentration: total nitrogen absorbed by the crop, the efficiency of absorbed N relative to the number of grains, and mean grain weight. Analysis of variations for these variables, within the network, enabled us to understand which situations produced satisfactory results and which did not: available nitrogen in the soil, topsoil structure, crop water supply and the level of the root disease takeall, were the main environmental conditions affecting yield and grain protein concentration. Improvements in cropping systems and barley husbandry are proposed in order to increase yield and manage protein concentration. grain nitrogen concentration / spring barley / topsoil structure / agronomic diagnosis / take-all / cropping systems Résumé-Rendement et taux de protéines de l'orge de printemps brassicole : effet des systèmes de culture dans le bassin parisien (France). Dans une région de culture intensive, où les agriculteurs ont de très bons résultats en blé et betterave sucrière, ils rencontrent quelques problèmes pour maîtriser à la fois le rendement et le taux de protéines de l'orge de printemps destinée à la brasserie. Un diagnostic régional a été réalisé sur les variations de ces deux composantes à partir de réseaux de parcelles agricoles (une vingtaine chaque année pendant trois ans). Trois composantes clés expliquent ces variations : l'azote absorbé par la culture, l'efficience de l'azote pour le nombre de grains et le poids moyen des grains. L'analyse de ces composantes permet de comprendre les situations dans lesquelles les performances de la culture sont plus ou moins satisfaisantes : l'azote disponible dans le sol, l'état structural de celui-ci, l'alimentation hydrique et les attaques racinaires de piétin échaudage sont les principales conditions qui affectent les performances de la culture. Des améliorations des systèmes de culture sont proposées en vue de maîtriser à la fois les niveaux du rendement et du taux de protéines.

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Evidence for differences between cultivars in responsiveness of wheat to applied nitrogen

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Contrasting effects of dwarfing alleles and nitrogen availability on mineral concentrations in wheat grain

Contrasting effects of dwarfing alleles and nitrogen availability on mineral concentrations in wheat grain

The need to breed crop varieties suitable for organic farming, using wheat, tomato and broccoli as examples: A review

Yield and protein concentration of spring malting barley: the effects of cropping systems in the Paris Basin (France)

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