Evidence for distinct cognitive deficits after focal cerebellar lesions

Gottwald, Birgit; Wilde, Barbara; Mihajlovic, Zoran; Mehdorn, H. Maximilian

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.018093

Cited by 286 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Both psychophysical experiments in patient groups as well as functional imaging studies have provided some evidence to support a role for cerebello-cortical circuits in tasks in which high-level control of serial order is critical (Pascual-Leone et al, 1993;Dagher et al, 1999). The reasons for a role of right but not left cerebellum remain hypothetical, but this is consistent with results from some lesion (Gottwald et al, 2004), electrophysiological (Torriero et al, 2004), and functional imaging (Desmond et al, 1997) experiments in humans, which have shown an involvement of right cerebellum in cognitively demanding tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Shared Brain Areas But Not Functional Connections Controlling Movement Timing and Order

Garraux¹,

McKinney²,

Wu³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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Virtually every aspect of the enormous repertoire of human behaviors is embedded in a sequential context, but brain mechanisms underlying the adjustment of two fundamental dimensions defining a motor sequence (order of a series of movements and intervals separating them) as a function of a given goal are poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrate that, at the neuronal level, these tasks can only be distinguished by differences in functional interactions between associative areas of common activation, which included bilateral subcortico-parieto-frontal regions, and two subcortical structures. Activity in these shared associative areas was preferentially coupled with that in right putamen during manipulation of timing and with that in right posterior cerebellum during manipulation of serial order. This finding is important because it provides evidence for an efficient organization of the brain during cognitive control of motor sequences and supports a recently proposed principle according to which the role of brain regions involved in different behavioral tasks without differential alterations in their measured activity depends on changes in their interactions with other connected areas as a function of the tasks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Shared Brain Areas But Not Functional Connections Controlling Movement Timing and Order

Garraux¹,

McKinney²,

Wu³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…This appears unlikely, as the single-interval timing tasks are less demanding than those of beat-based timing, and as the cognitive deficits demonstrated in patients with cerebellar damage were specific to aspects of executive function or attention (27)(28)(29) and would not lead to the present dissociation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…One alternative explanation for the difference in performance between patients and controls could be based on cognitive demands and the recent implication of the cerebellum in cognition (26)(27)(28)(29). This appears unlikely, as the single-interval timing tasks are less demanding than those of beat-based timing, and as the cognitive deficits demonstrated in patients with cerebellar damage were specific to aspects of executive function or attention (27)(28)(29) and would not lead to the present dissociation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Dissociation of duration-based and beat-based auditory timing in cerebellar degeneration

Grube

Cooper

Chinnery

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

183

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This work tests the hypothesis that the cerebellum is critical to the perception of the timing of sensory events. Auditory tasks were used to assess two types of timing in a group of patients with a stereotyped specific degeneration of the cerebellum: the analysis of single time intervals requiring absolute measurements of time, and the holistic analysis of rhythmic patterns based on relative measures of time using an underlying regular beat. The data support a specific role for the cerebellum only in the absolute timing of single subsecond intervals but not in the relative timing of rhythmic sequences with a regular beat. The findings support the existence of a stopwatch-like cerebellar timing mechanism for absolute intervals that is distinct from mechanisms for entrainment with a regular beat.T he relevance of the human cerebellum to the perception of time intervals and rhythmic sequences is controversial. Involvement of the cerebellum in perceptual timing (the perception of the timing of sensory events), in addition to its role in motor timing (the timed execution of movements), has been suggested by a number of studies (1-6). One distinction that we wish to address here, which has not been made clear in previous work, is between the absolute, duration-based timing of single subsecond intervals and the relative timing of subsecond intervals based on a regular beat. Functional imaging studies suggest neural activity in the human cerebellum during the perception of the absolute duration of single time intervals (7,8) as well as rhythmic patterns with a regular beat (9-13). However, previous lesion work to assess an obligatory cerebellar role in the perception of single time intervals has not yielded consistent results (4,(14)(15)(16)(17). Previous lesion work to assess any obligatory role of the cerebellum in the analysis of rhythmic sequences has assessed only deficits in related motor activity, such as tapping out a beat (4,14,18), that do not allow clear inference about perception.In this study, we test whether the cerebellum is a critical substrate for perceptual tasks that require the absolute, durationbased analysis of single time intervals as well as those that require the relative analysis of time intervals within rhythmic patterns based on a regular beat. Perceptual tests were conducted in the auditory domain, where accurate temporal encoding of sensory events is essential and entrainment with a beat is induced naturally. Tasks were administered to a group of 34 patients with a stereotyped cerebellar degeneration and a matched control group of 40 healthy individuals. Two absolute timing tasks tested the perception of single intervals for a variable and a fixed reference duration, respectively ( Fig. 1 A and B). Three relative timing tasks tested the beat-based analysis of rhythmic sequences, including the detection of the presence of a roughly regular beat (19), a deviation from an isochronous beat (20) and a distortion of a rhythmic pattern with a metrical beat (21) (Fig. 1 C-E). The data support a ce...

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“…It is also important to consider the possible contribution of attentional processes to cerebellar activity associated with sensory discrimination tasks (Allen et al, 1997;Le et al, 1998;Gottwald et al, 2004). Patients with cerebellar lesions are impaired in divided-and shifting-attention tasks but are apparently normal in selection tasks that do not require attention shifts (Gottwald et al, 2003).…”

Section: Neural Responses To Varying Levels Of Sensory Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of Neural Responses to Visual and Auditory Motion in the Human Cerebellum

Baumann¹,

Mattingley²

2010

J. Neurosci.

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The human cerebellum contains approximately half of all the neurons within the cerebrum, yet most experimental work in human neuroscience over the last century has focused exclusively on the structure and functions of the forebrain. The cerebellum has an undisputed role in a range of motor functions (Thach et al., 1992), but its potential contributions to sensory and cognitive processes are widely debated (Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2009). Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypothesis that the human cerebellum is involved in the acquisition of auditory and visual sensory data. We monitored neural activity within the cerebellum while participants engaged in a task that required them to discriminate the direction of a visual or auditory motion signal in noise. We identified a distinct set of cerebellar regions that were differentially activated for visual stimuli (vermal lobule VI and right-hemispheric lobule X) and auditory stimuli (right-hemispheric lobules VIIIA and VIIIB and hemispheric lobule VI bilaterally). In addition, we identified a region in left crus I in which activity correlated significantly with increases in the perceptual demands of the task (i.e., with decreasing signal strength), for both auditory and visual stimuli. Our results support suggestions of a role for the cerebellum in the processing of auditory and visual motion and suggest that parts of cerebellar cortex are concerned with tracking movements of objects around the animal, rather than with controlling movements of the animal itself (Paulin, 1993).

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Evidence for distinct cognitive deficits after focal cerebellar lesions

Cited by 286 publications

References 39 publications

Shared Brain Areas But Not Functional Connections Controlling Movement Timing and Order

Shared Brain Areas But Not Functional Connections Controlling Movement Timing and Order

Dissociation of duration-based and beat-based auditory timing in cerebellar degeneration

Scaling of Neural Responses to Visual and Auditory Motion in the Human Cerebellum

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