Evidence for Earliest Olive-Oil Production in Submerged Settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel

Galili, Ehud; Stanley, Daniel Jean; Sharvit, Jacob; Weinstein‐Evron, Mina

doi:10.1006/jasc.1997.0193

Cited by 114 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The apparent range of dates obtained at Kfar Samir is surprising, particularly as these samples should have been well-stratified within installations 6 and 7, and functionally related to their contexts (Galili et al 1997). Even the latest results apparently predate those from el Khawarij, but at Kfar Samir we appear to be dealing with the exploitation of wild olives (Kislev 1994-95).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New ¹⁴C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

2010

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ABSTRACT. New radiocarbon results on olive stones from el-Khawarij date olive cultivation at this site, in the Jordanian highlands, to the last 2 centuries of the 5th millennium cal BC. This period also sees the emergence of olive cultivation at Teleilat Ghassul, by the Dead Sea. The 10 new AMS dates were deliberately obtained from carbonized olive stones in order to date the exploitation of olives at el-Khawarij, a late prehistoric settlement believed to have been reliant on olive production. The results reveal a much longer span of occupation than hitherto suspected, including 2 dates that may fall later than 3900 cal BC (particularly OZI221, 3950-3530 cal BC). These later dates are in line with dates from other upland sites in the region, and may strengthen suggestions that Chalcolithic settlement persisted for longer in better watered upland areas (Lovell 2002). Further, an early date from a sample in a rock-cut installation in Area A suggests a much earlier date for occupation at the site, implying that upland olive exploitation may have commenced before 4700-4450 cal BC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New ¹⁴C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

2010

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“…The southern Levant is one of regions with a long history of olive-oil production. The unique installation found at the underwater site of Kfar Samir shows that it reaches back to the Wadi Rabah period (Galili et al 1997). It was clearly spreading westwards during the subsequent Chalcolithic period along with the olive's cultivation.…”

Section: History Of Olive Oil Production In the Southern Levant 1mentioning

confidence: 96%

Keeping Up with the Demand for Oil? Reconsidering the Unique Oil Presses from Late Bronze Age IIB to Iron Age IIA in the Southern Levant

Onozuka

2012

Orient

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“…6,500-5,800 cal bp) north of the Dead Sea (Neef 1990;Weiss 2015), which is outside the potential natural distribution area of wild Olea as a component of the Mediterranean biome (Danin 1988(Danin , 1999. Considerable olive oil production took place as early as the pre-Gassulian late Pottery Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic along the Carmel coast and Lower Galilee, probably using wild Olea oleaster forms as described by Kislev (1994Kislev ( -1995, Galili et al (1997) and summarized in reviews by Kaniewski et al (2012) and Weiss (2015). Furthermore, very recent evidence of olive oil in pottery containers from Ein Zipporat, southwest of the Sea of Galilee and dating to the 6th and 5th millennia bce show that the beginning of oil production was several centuries earlier (Namdar et al 2015).…”

Section: 000-5000 Cal Bp (Transition Neolithic/chalcolithic To Earmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Schiebel

Litt

2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Lake Kinneret, also known as the Sea of Galilee and Lake Tiberias, is located in the northeast of Israel. At a lake level of 211 m b.s.l. (below mean sea level), the central basin is 43 m deep. The maximum length of the lake is 21 km (N-S) and its maximum width is 12 km (W-E). Lake Kinneret's surface area is 166 km 2 . A new 17.8 m long sedimentary core was drilled in 2010. Here, we present the entire palynological record from it, which covers the last ~ 9,000 years. Special emphasis is given to the natural and human-influenced vegetation history of Galilee in comparison to that of the more southerly Dead Sea region. Significant signs of human impact are the first Olea (olive) increase during the beginning of the Chalcolithic period between 7,000 and 6,500 years ago, as well as the prominent Olea phase during the Hellenistic/Roman/Byzantine period between 2,300 and 1,500 years ago. Mediterranean macchia and bathas scrub vegetation, as known in the area today, has developed in the southern Levant under human impact since the last ca. 1,500 years.

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Evidence for Earliest Olive-Oil Production in Submerged Settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel

Cited by 114 publications

References 16 publications

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New ¹⁴C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New ¹⁴C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

Keeping Up with the Demand for Oil? Reconsidering the Unique Oil Presses from Late Bronze Age IIB to Iron Age IIA in the Southern Levant

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

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Evidence for Earliest Olive-Oil Production in Submerged Settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel

Cited by 114 publications

References 16 publications

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New 14C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New 14C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

Keeping Up with the Demand for Oil? Reconsidering the Unique Oil Presses from Late Bronze Age IIB to Iron Age IIA in the Southern Levant

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Contact Info

Product

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Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New ¹⁴C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan

Upland Olive Domestication in the Chalcolithic Period: New ¹⁴C Determinations from El-Khawarij (Ajlun), Jordan