Evidence for Early Vulnerability of the Medial and Inferior Aspects of the Temporal Lobe in an 82-Year-Old Patient With Preclinical Signs of Dementia

Hof, Patrick R.; Bierer, Linda M.; Perl, Daniel P.; Delacourte, André; Buée, Luc; Bouras, Constantin; Morrison, John H.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530330070019

Cited by 121 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…In AD patients, the greatest NFT inclusions occur in the temporal lobe (Price et al, 1991) These pathological observations resonate well with the memory-related cognitive changes in AD (Hyman et al, 1984, Braak and Braak, 1985, Arnold et al, 1991, Braak and Braak, 1991. Others have shown that the NFTs density in the inferior temporal cortex (Brodmann area 20) relates to the onset of AD and the development of dementia (Hof et al, 1992, Bouras et al, 1994. A modular pattern of NFT pathology was also described in the temporal cortex of AD by Van Hoesen and Solodkin, 1993; Solodkin and Van Hoesen, 1996; Delacourte et al, 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Modular and laminar pathology of Brodmann’s area 37 in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2008

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Previous studies suggested a relationship between severity of symptoms and the degree of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) clustering in different areas of the cortex in Alzheimer's disease (Lee et al.). The posterior inferior temporal cortex or Brodmann's area (BA37) is involved in object naming and recognition memory. But the cellular architecture and connectivity and the NTF pathology of this cortex in AD received inadequate attention. In this report, we describe the laminar distribution and topography of NFT pathology of BA 37 in brains of AD patients by using thionin staining for Nissl substance, thioflavin-S staining for Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and phosphorylated tau (AT8) immunohistochemistry. NFTs mostly occurred in cortical layers II, III, V and VI in the area 37 of AD brain. Moreover, NFTs appeared like a patch or in cluster pattern along the cortical layers III and V and within the columns of pyramidal cell layers. The abnormal, intensely labeled AT8 immunoreactive cells were clustered mainly in layers III and V. Based on previously published clinical correlations between cognitive abnormalities in AD and the patterns of laminar distributed NFT cluster pathology in other areas of the brain, we conclude that a similar NFT pathology that severely affected BA 37, may indicate disruption of some forms of naming and object recognition related circuits in AD. KeywordsNeurofibrillary tangles; posterior inferior temporal cortex; Brodmann's area 37; phosphorylated tau; laminar distribution; memory impairment; object recognition 6 Address correspondence to: Asgar Zaheer, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, Tel. 319-335-8529; Fax 319-335-8528, E-Mail: asgar-zaheer@uiowa.edu, Or Ramasamy Thangavel, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, Tel. 319-335-8520; Fax 319-335-8528, E-Mail: ramasamythangavel@uiowa.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Neurons in the cerebral cortex are organized horizontally into lamina and vertically into columns and modules. These organized neurons, with similar response properties, form fundamental anatomical and physiological units of the cortex (Fujita et al., 1992, Saleem et al., 1993, Tanigawa et al., 1998. NIH Public AccessIn Alzheimer's disease, the characteristic neuropathological lesions of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) exhibit a specific laminar and regional distribution in different areas of brain. (Hof and Morrison, 1990, Hof et al., 1992, Hof, 1997. The modular/columnar organized NFT pathology of the h...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…(Hof and Morrison, 1990, Hof et al, 1992, Hof, 1997. The modular/columnar organized NFT pathology of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and surrounding limbic structures in AD has been described in the literature.…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular and laminar pathology of Brodmann’s area 37 in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2008

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“…Stimulus identification and recognition of its emotional significance is phylogenetically determined and anchored in specific neurobiological systems including the lateral temporal cortex, median prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, basal ganglia, striatum and parietal cortex, among others [1,2,3,4]. Different emotions are likely to be subserved by different neural systems [3,4,5] that are vulnerable to neuropathological changes occurring in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are probably affected at different times and rates [6,7,8,9]. Thus, facial emotion recognition (FER) might be affected with increasing cognitive impairment in AD patients involving different emotions to different degrees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study on Facial Emotion Recognition Capacity in Beginning Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2011

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Objective: It was the aim of this study to investigate facial emotion recognition (FER) in the elderly with cognitive impairment. Method: Twelve patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 12 healthy control subjects were asked to name dynamic or static pictures of basic facial emotions using the Multimodal Emotion Recognition Test and to assess the degree of their difficulty in the recognition task, while their electrodermal conductance was registered as an unconscious processing measure. Results: AD patients had lower objective recognition performances for disgust and fear, but only disgust was accompanied by decreased subjective FER in AD patients. The electrodermal response was similar in all groups. No significant effect of dynamic versus static emotion presentation on FER was found. Conclusion: Selective impairment in recognizing facial expressions of disgust and fear may indicate a nonlinear decline in FER capacity with increasing cognitive impairment and result from progressive though specific damage to neural structures engaged in emotional processing and facial emotion identification. Although our results suggest unchanged unconscious FER processing with increasing cognitive impairment, further investigations on unconscious FER and self-awareness of FER capacity in neurodegenerative disorders are required.

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“…1 H-MRS can thus narrow the gap between clinical measures of dementia and histopathological and neurochemical findings in patients with AD [19,20]. Because the pathological changes in AD brains reflect a complex combination of synaptic loss, neuronal loss and dysfunction, glial proliferation, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposition and vascular changes [21,22,23,24], 1 H-MRS is especially suited to detect and track these changes throughout the course of the disease in a noninvasive way [25,26], as well as to gauge clinically meaningful effects of treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of <sup>1</sup>H Spectroscopy to a Brief Cognitive-Functional Test Battery for the Diagnosis of Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

Souza

Oliveira‐Souza²,

Moll

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: The diagnosis of mild or questionable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) depends on clinical criteria that often leave a margin for doubt. We aim to verify the diagnostic accuracy of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD with proton spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) combined with brief cognitive-functional scales. Methods: The relationship between ¹H-MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex and the cognitive performance in Mini Mental State Examination, Blessed-Roth Dementia Rating and Functional Assessment Staging of Alzheimer Disease scales were investigated in 25 AD, 10 aMCI and 33 normal control (NC) individuals. Results: The N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine and myoinositol/NAA ratios distinguished AD patients from NC (p < 0.005), and added value in diagnostic accuracy and specificity by discriminant function analysis when combined to clinical diagnosis and simple neuropsychiatric scales; an increase of 3.7% (for aMCI patients) and of 5% (for AD individuals) was observed in diagnostic accuracy, and one of 5.5% (aMCI) and of 11.1% (AD) in specificity. Conclusion:¹H-MRS combined with brief cognitive-functional scales provided maximum diagnostic accuracy of AD patients, and can be useful when subtle cognitive and memory dysfunction is present.

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Evidence for Early Vulnerability of the Medial and Inferior Aspects of the Temporal Lobe in an 82-Year-Old Patient With Preclinical Signs of Dementia

Cited by 121 publications

References 41 publications

Modular and laminar pathology of Brodmann’s area 37 in Alzheimer’s disease

Modular and laminar pathology of Brodmann’s area 37 in Alzheimer’s disease

An Exploratory Study on Facial Emotion Recognition Capacity in Beginning Alzheimer’s Disease

Contribution of <sup>1</sup>H Spectroscopy to a Brief Cognitive-Functional Test Battery for the Diagnosis of Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

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