Evidence for environment‐dependent introgression of adaptive genes between two red oak species with different drought adaptations

Khodwekar, Sudhir; Gailing, Oliver

doi:10.3732/ajb.1700060

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Beyond potential influences on community assembly, the tendency for oaks to hybridize and introgress may also have been important in increasing genetic diversity (Valencia-Cuevas et al, 2014) and rapidly transferring adaptive alleles between species (Lexer et al, 2004;Khodwekar & Gailing, 2017). The role of horizontal gene transfer is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the ability of long-lived organisms to adapt to novel or changing environments (Lexer et al, 2004;Cannon & Lerdau, 2015;Cannon & Scher, 2017).…”

Section: Introgression Incomplete Reproductive Isolation and Adaptamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification, adaptation, and community assembly of the American oaks (Quercus), a model clade for integrating ecology and evolution

2018

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Contents Summary669I.Model clades for the study and integration of ecology and evolution670II.Oaks: an important model clade671III.Insights from the history of the American oaks for understanding community assembly and ecosystem dominance673IV.Bridging the gap between micro‐ and macroevolutionary processes relevant to ecology679V.How do we reconcile evidence for adaptive evolution with niche conservatism and long‐term stasis?682VI.High plasticity and within‐population genetic variation contribute to population persistence683VII.Emerging technologies for tracking functional change685VIII.Conclusions685Acknowledgements686References686 Summary Ecologists and evolutionary biologists are concerned with explaining the diversity and composition of the natural world and are aware of the inextricable linkages between ecological and evolutionary processes that maintain the Earth's life support systems. Yet examination of these linkages remains challenging due to the contrasting nature of focal systems and research approaches. Model clades provide a critical means to integrate ecology and evolution, as illustrated by the oaks (genus Quercus), an important model clade, given their ecological dominance, remarkable diversity, and growing phylogenetic, genomic, and ecological data resources. Studies of the clade reveal that their history of sympatric parallel adaptive radiation continues to influence community assembly today, highlighting questions on the nature and extent of coexistence mechanisms. Flexible phenology and hydraulic traits, despite evolutionary stasis, may have enabled adaptation to a wide range of environments within and across species, contributing to their high abundance and diversity. The oaks offer fundamental insights at the intersection of ecology and evolution on the role of diversification in community assembly processes, on the importance of flexibility in key functional traits in adapting to new environments, on factors contributing to persistence of long‐lived organisms, and on evolutionary legacies that influence ecosystem function.

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Section: Introgression Incomplete Reproductive Isolation and Adaptamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification, adaptation, and community assembly of the American oaks (Quercus), a model clade for integrating ecology and evolution

2018

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“…Genomic heterogeneity in introgression was found in European white oaks that experienced secondary contacts (Guichoux et al ., ; Leroy et al ., ). A locus showing enhanced introgression was identified in North American red oaks (the section Lobatae ) along a soil moisture gradient, suggesting that dry environment selected introgressed alleles at the locus (Lind‐Riehl et al ., ; Khodwekar & Gailing, ). In this study, we detected neither chromosomes nor loci deviated from a neutral expectation of introgression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such environment‐dependent introgression has been found in some plants, resulting in the expansion of their habitats and the creation of different ecotypes (Rieseberg et al ., ). Such phenomena have been clarified in limited plant taxa (Whitney et al ., , ; Arnold et al ., ) but have been investigated recently in various plants, including trees (Suarez‐Gonzalez et al ., , ; Khodwekar & Gailing, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment‐dependent introgression from Quercus dentata to a coastal ecotype of Quercus mongolica var. crispula in northern Japan

et al. 2019

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Introgression from one species in a specific environment to another may facilitate colonization of the environment by the recipient species. However, such environment-dependent introgression has been clarified in limited plant taxa.In northern Japan, there are two interfertile oak species: Quercus dentata (Qd) in coastal areas and Q. mongolica var. crispula (Qc) in inland areas. However, at higher latitudes where Qd is rare, a coastal Qc ecotype with Qd-like traits is distributed in the coastal areas. We distinguished inland Qc, coastal Qc, and coastal Qd populations based on genome-wide genotypes and multitrait phenotypes and verified introgression from coastal Qd to coastal Qc using reduced library sequencing.Genotypes and phenotypes differed among the populations, and coastal Qc was intermediate between inland Qc and coastal Qd. The ABBA-BABA test showed introgression from coastal Qd to coastal Qc. In coastal Qc, we found various stages of introgression after the first generation of backcross but detected no genomic regions where introgression was enhanced.Overall, we show evidence for introgression from a coastal species to an ecotype of an inland species, which has colonized the coastal environment. It remains unclear whether introgressed alleles are selected in the coastal environment.

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“…Here, we focus on oaks. Among woody plants of the Northern Hemisphere, oaks have long been thought of as a poster child for speciation despite ongoing genetic exchange (Burger, ; Van Valen, ; Muir et al., ; Coyne and Orr, ), an idea that is supported by extensive empirical data in wild plants (Forde and Faris, ; Benson et al., ; Hardin, ; Whittemore and Schaal, ; Nason et al., ; Muir et al., ; Nixon, ; Dodd and Afzal‐Rafii, ; González‐Rodríguez et al., ; Petit et al., ; Burgarella et al., ; Lagache et al., ; Eaton et al., ; Valencia‐Cuevas et al., ; Sullivan et al., ; Khodewekar and Gailing, ; Leroy et al., ; McVay et al., , ; Ortego et al., , ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species

Bürge

Parker

Mulligan

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise In plant groups with limited intrinsic barriers to gene flow, it is thought that environmental conditions can modulate interspecific genetic exchange. Oaks are known for limited barriers to gene flow among closely related species. Here, we use Quercus as a living laboratory in which to pursue a fundamental question in plant evolution: Do environmental gradients restrict or promote genetic exchange between species? Methods We focused on two North American oaks, the rare Quercus dumosa and the widespread Q. berberidifolia. We sampled intensively along a contact zone in California, USA. We sequenced restriction site‐associated DNA markers and measured vegetative phenotype. We tested for genetic exchange, the association with climate, and the effect on phenotype. Results There is evidence for genetic exchange between the species. Admixed plants are found in areas of intermediate climate, while less admixed plants are found at the extremes of the climatic gradient. Genetic and phenotypic patterns are out of phase in the contact zone; some plants display the phenotype of one species but are genetically associated with another. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a strong climatic gradient can promote genetic exchange between species. The overall weak correlation between genotype and phenotype in the contact zone between the species suggests that genetic exchange can lead to the breakdown of trait combinations used to define species. This incongruency predicts ongoing problems for conservation of Q. dumosa, with implications for conservation of other oaks.

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Evidence for environment‐dependent introgression of adaptive genes between two red oak species with different drought adaptations

Abstract: This pattern suggests that introgression of adaptive genes between these two red oak species is strongly affected by environmental selection and is an important mechanism for species' adaptation to changing environmental conditions in a changing climate.

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

Diversification, adaptation, and community assembly of the American oaks (Quercus), a model clade for integrating ecology and evolution

Diversification, adaptation, and community assembly of the American oaks (Quercus), a model clade for integrating ecology and evolution

Environment‐dependent introgression from Quercus dentata to a coastal ecotype of Quercus mongolica var. crispula in northern Japan

Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species

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