Evidence for gene flow and local clonal selection in field populations of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in Britain revealed using microsatellites

Llewellyn, K. S.; Loxdale, Hugh D.; Harrington, R.; Clark, S. J.; Sunnucks, Paul

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800466

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Chilean populations of S. avenae encompass a few heterozygous multilocus genotypes In contrast to reports for European populations Simon et al, 1999a;Haack et al, 2000;Llewellyn et al, 2003Llewellyn et al, , 2004Papura et al, 2003), S. avenae populations in Chile showed a very low clonal diversity, independent of the host plant, geographic zone, or sampling season. As compared with the 4% of genotypic Figure 2 Neighbour-joining tree based on Goldstein's distance (Goldstein et al, 1995) calculated with five microsatellite loci for the 44 multilocus genotypes discriminated in Chilean populations of Sitobion avenae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Genetic structure and clonal diversity of an introduced pest in Chile, the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae

et al. 2005

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In Chile, the aphid Sitobion avenae is of recent introduction, lives on cultivated and wild Poaceae, and is thought to reproduce by permanent parthenogenesis. In order to study the genetic variability and population structure of this species, five microsatellite loci were typed from individual aphids collected from different cultivated and wild host plants, from different geographical zones, and years. Chilean populations showed a high degree of heterozygosity and a low genetic variability across regions and years, with four predominant genotypes representing nearly 90% of the sample. This pattern of low clonal diversity and high heterozygosity was interpreted as the result of recent founder events from a few asexually reproducing genotypes. Most geographical and temporal variation observed in the genetic composition resulted from fluctuations of a few predominant clones. In addition, comparisons of the genotypes found in Chile with those described in earlier surveys of S. avenae populations in Western Europe led us to identify 'superclones' with large geographical distribution and high ecological success, and to make a preliminary exploration of the putative origin(s) of S. avenae individuals introduced to Chile. Heredity (2005) 95, 24-33.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…When the four loci in common with other genotypic surveys of S. avenae and the present study were considered (Sm10, Sm11, Sm12 and Sm17), none of the four most common Chilean clones had a multilocus profile matching exactly that of either British Llewellyn et al, 2003Llewellyn et al, , 2004 or other French (Simon et al, 1999a) genotypes.…”

Section: Figueroa Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure and clonal diversity of an introduced pest in Chile, the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae

et al. 2005

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“…At a local geographic scale, Llewellyn et al (2004) have found, using microsatellite markers, such selection in S. avenae infesting wheat fields of different cultivar in southern England, as have Vorburger (2006) and Kasprowicz et al (2007) in M. persicae , in Australia and Scotland, respectively, infesting a range of plant hosts. However, Vorburger et al (2003b) were unable to show evidence for 'general purpose genotypes' in M. persicae .…”

Section: Host Preference and Clonal Selectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The nature and reality of the aphid clone: genetic variation, adaptation and evolution

Loxdale

2008

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 When aphid clones and clonality are discussed, it is still often said that they are 'genetically identical', a statement for which there is no direct evidence, and certainly not for the entire genome. By contrast, there is a growing body of empirical data from the application of high resolution molecular (DNA) markers that aphid asexual lineages rapidly mutate and that, in some documented cases, this variation is selectable, either positively or negatively. 2 Although it is true that, in enclosed conditions (e.g. laboratory or field cage), a so-called clone as defined as the asexual progeny of a single foundress may be traceable, this is rarely if ever possible in the field without the use of genetic markers, and even then, usually only at a relatively few loci (multilocus genotypes, 'MLGs'). 3 The continued use of the term clone without qualification of its true nature and the reality of its interesting biology is likely to hamper a proper understanding of the ecology and evolution of these insects (which are interesting in their own right because of their complex life histories, but also because they are important as major pests globally, both by causing direct feeding damage and by transmitting pathogenic plant viruses and thereby leading to huge economic losses in the agricultural, horticultural and forestry industries). 4 In this short review, I provide evidence of what is now known about aphid clonality after the widespread use of molecular markers, comprising information mainly gained within the last 15 years or so. 5 The data demonstrate widespread adaptation and evolution, sometimes involving introgression and hybridization. Because of this new knowledge, our ideas of what constitutes a clone are in need of serious re-evaluation.

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“…entomophthoralean fungal infection during the parthenogenetic phase in the summer period). Differences in clonal diversity have been observed at both regional and local scales ( Llewellyn et al 2003( Llewellyn et al , 2004. Field studies using molecular markers revealed that changes in clonal composition occur during the summer ( Haack et al , 2000 ), indicating that clones proliferate differentially and respond differently to selection pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Molecular markers such as microsatellites have previously proven suitable for investigating life cycles, population structure and the wax and wane of clones, such as dispersal, proliferation and mortality of clones under field conditions ( Simon et al , 1999;Haack et al , 2000;Guillemaud et al , 2003;Llewellyn et al , 2003Llewellyn et al , , 2004. Five microsatellites markers have proven sufficient to discriminate between aphid clones in the genus Sitobion because five to ten extra primer sets did not discriminate additional multilocus genotypes ( Haack et al , 2000;Llewellyn et al , 2004;Figueroa et al , 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Grain aphid population structure: no effect of fungal infections in a 2‐year field study in Denmark

Jensen

Hansen

Eilenberg

2008

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Sitobion avenae (F.) is a serious pest in Danish cereal crops. To understand the population genetic structure, aphids were sampled in seven different winter wheat ( Triticum sativum Lamarck) fields throughout Denmark. The aphids were genotyped with seven microsatellite markers. In total, 2075 aphids were collected and 1203 of these were genotyped. 2 The Danish S. avenae populations displayed very high genotypic diversity, high percentages of unique genotypes and low linkage disequilibria; this is likely to be a result of genetic recombination encompassed by their holocyclic lifestyle. The populations showed very limited differentiation and no sign of isolation by distance. Almost all the genetic variation was ascribed within the populations rather than between populations, probably due to a high migration rate at approximate 10% per generation. 3 Seasonal changes in clonal diversity and distribution of asexual summer generations of S. avenae within the infestation period in a single winter wheat field were followed over two consecutive years by weekly sampling from 60 plots each of 20 × 20 m. Clonal diversity was high in all samples with no dominant clonal lineages and no significant difference in the genotypic diversity between weeks or between years. However, a temporal genetic differentiation effect, throughout the infestation, suggests that selective factors or high temporal migration play an important role in shaping the genetic structure S. avenae . 4 Analyses of fungal infected and uninfected aphids were performed to test whether some clonal linage were more often infected by fungi from the Entomophthorales under field conditions. In total, 54 progeny from aphids with Entomophthorales were genotyped and compared with 422 uninfected aphid genotypes. The Entomophthorales-infected aphid genotypes did not cluster out together, suggesting that these fungal pathogens did not affect the population differentiation or clonal distribution of S. avenae in a Danish agroecosystem. 5 Our findings indicate that S. avenae populations can be controlled using conservation biological control

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Evidence for gene flow and local clonal selection in field populations of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in Britain revealed using microsatellites

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Genetic structure and clonal diversity of an introduced pest in Chile, the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae

Genetic structure and clonal diversity of an introduced pest in Chile, the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae

The nature and reality of the aphid clone: genetic variation, adaptation and evolution

Grain aphid population structure: no effect of fungal infections in a 2‐year field study in Denmark

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