Evidence for genetic isolation and local adaptation in the field cricket Gryllus campestris

Abstract

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Adapting to climate with limited genetic diversity: Nucleotide,DNAmethylation and microbiome variation among populations of the social spiderStegodyphus dumicola

“…Correlations, presented as the number of genes or microbiome components correlating very strongly with distance in specific temperature and precipitation parameters. Focusing on associations between different aspects of temperature and precipitation and nucleotide variation within genes suggests that aspects of mean temperature (Figure 6) are the strongest driv- of arthropods (Sørensen & Loeschcke, 2002;Tregenza et al, 2021;Williams et al, 2012). In addition, our study species, S. dumicola,…”

“…In populations with high genetic drift, strong selection is required to maintain adaptive variation and local adaptation. Exposure to high temperatures is known to exert selection for phenotypic responses to avoid heat stress, leading to local adaptation in temperature responses in natural populations of arthropods (Sørensen & Loeschcke, 2002 ; Tregenza et al, 2021 ; Williams et al, 2012 ). In addition, our study species, S. dumicola, shows population‐specific variation in behavioural and physiological responses to high temperatures (Barton, 2011 ; Malmos et al, 2021 ; Sandfeld et al, 2022 ), substantiating a role for genetic variation in temperature adaptation.…”

Axes of multivariate sexual signal divergence among incipient species: Concordance with selection, genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity

“…Under a plasticity-first model, populations need not occupy habitats with persistent or dramatically distinct temperatures; relatively small or fluctuating thermal shifts might be adequate to promote initial phenotypic divergence if sufficiently isolated from one another. Like other tropical montane ecosystems, the mid-elevation Hawaiian rainforests in which L. cerasina occur are characterized by pronounced thermal stratification that has been hypothesized to promote diversification due to thermal adaptation in other arthropods (Polato et al, 2018;Tregenza et al, 2021) and vertebrates (Medina et al, 2021). Moreover, evidence suggests that cyclical patterns of habitat fragmentation due to volcanic activity have been an important driver of rapid character state evolution and population divergence in Hawaiian arthropods (Carson et al, 1990;Carson & Templeton, 1984;Vandergast et al, 2004).…”

Lack of Evidence for Local Adaptation of the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly to Its Sole Larval Hostplant—The Wild Lupine

“…Plant-insect coevolutionary associations are known to drive local adaptation of populations across their geographic range [1] [2]. Spatial heterogeneity of habitat characteristics and biotic factors can cause selection to favor different traits in different populations [3] [4]. Local adaptation is a key mechanism in evolutionary ecology, which results in individuals experiencing increased fitness within their native population compared to foreign populations [5].…”

“…Given the potential evolutionary and ecological consequences of local adaptation, the study of this topic is particularly relevant for species of conservation concern subsisting in small and fragmented populations [6]. The existence of local adaptation has been examined across several organisms including (but not limited to) the Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawtyscha, the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra, the brown trout Salmo trutta, the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the common frog Rana temporaria, and the field cricket Gryllus campestris [4] [5] [9] [10] [11] [12]. In some cases, such as in salmon, it has led to divergent evolution in unrelated populations, likely as a result of the highly structured spatial organization of this economically valuable species [5].…”