Evidence for Highly Charged Ion Coulomb Crystallization in Multicomponent Strongly Coupled Plasmas

Gruber, L.; Holder, J. P.; Steiger, J.; Beck, Belinda R.; DeWitt, H. E.; Glassman, Jack; McDonald, J.; Church, D. A.; Schneider, Dieter

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.636

Cited by 70 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…c =2 for maximum plasma density) is locked to an external drive [14]. Sympathetic cooling can also be used to reach low temperatures and compress an ion cloud [15]. Our method is particularly well suited to small clouds and especially single ions for use in quantum information processing.…”

Section: Volume 89 Number 9 P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axialization of Laser Cooled Magnesium Ions in a Penning Trap

Powell

Segal²,

Thompson³

2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We report the first demonstration of the axialization of laser cooled ions in a Penning trap. Axialization involves the application of a small radial quadrupole drive which couples the cyclotron and magnetron motions. This enhances the laser cooling, allowing tighter confinement of the ions to the central axis of the trap than is otherwise possible. Using an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera we have imaged the axialization process for the first time. For a single ion, we recorded a large decrease of the magnetron amplitude corresponding to a reduction in ion temperature of approximately 2 orders of magnitude to an upper limit of order 10 mK. We have discovered dynamics specific to the laser cooled system which depend critically on the axial drive frequency and amplitude. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.093003 PACS numbers: 32.80.Pj, 03.67.Lx, 41.20.-q, 42.50.Vk With the growing interest in quantum information processing there has been an increasing need to develop technology which might enable the implementation of the ideas proposed. The uniquely stable and isolated environment of the ion trap makes it an ideal tool for the investigation of quantum phenomena; indeed, ion traps have been placed at the forefront of advances in the area of quantum information science [1]. Recent experiments include the entanglement of four trapped ions, the building of a CNOT gate and quantum state engineering using a single particle [2][3][4].Very low temperatures can be reached in ion traps using laser cooling, but the minimum temperature can be limited by the nature of the trapping method itself. The two most widely used types of ion trap are the Paul (radio frequency) trap and the Penning trap [5]. For radial confinement, the former uses an electric field oscillating at a radio frequency, while the latter uses a static magnetic field. This means that in the Paul trap the ion motion is simple harmonic in all directions but in the radial plane of the Penning trap the action of the combined electric and magnetic fields results in a more complex orbital motion: a superposition of two rotations, the magnetron and the cyclotron rotations.Until now much work in the area of quantum information science has focused on the use of linear Paul traps which allow the preparation of stationary strings of ions and strong confinement to the Lamb-Dicke regime [1]. Unfortunately, the low temperature limit of the Paul trap can be affected by the ''micromotion'' of the trapped ions, which arises as a result of the trapping field and cannot be completely avoided. The Penning trap has no such limitation [5]. However, the nature of the motion in the radial plane of the Penning trap complicates the laser cooling process [6,7]. Specifically, it is difficult to achieve small magnetron radii. Problems arise because the magnetron motion is unstable: its total energy is negative so energy must be supplied in order to reduce the magnetron radius.Three frequencies govern the motion of ions in a Penning trap. The first is ! z , which describes th...

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Section: Volume 89 Number 9 P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axialization of Laser Cooled Magnesium Ions in a Penning Trap

Powell

Segal²,

Thompson³

2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…It has recently been demonstrated, however, that sympathetic laser cooling can be equally effective [38]. This alternative cooling technique has also been shown to be very effective for highly charged ions [26,27]. In addition, there may be other, non-laser based cooling schemes that have yet to be fully developed [45,46].…”

Section: Highly Charged Ion Beams and Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the advantages of using highly charged ions in quantum information schemes have also been discussed [25]. One of the first steps towards these goals was the experimental realization of a highly charged ion crystal in a precision trap that was filled with ions from an EBIT [26,27]. Some of the cooling schemes applicable to highly charged ions have already been put into operation in an EBIT [28][29][30].…”

Section: Highly Charged Ion Beams and Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapped highly charged ion plasmas

Takács¹,

Gillaspy²

2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) devices and their special features are reviewed with attention to applications in highly charged ion plasma research. EBIT properties are presented based on information extracted from a variety of experiments reported in the literature. Topics discussed include typical parameters (Debye length, Wigner-Seitz radius, Coulomb coupling parameter, density, temperature, etc.), magnetic trapping mode, ion cloud shape, rotation, and evaporative cooling. We conclude that the quantitative understanding of highly charged ion plasmas inside an EBIT requires improved modeling and advanced diagnostic techniques.

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“…Also shown in Fig 9(b) is the measured separation between 9 Be + ions and light mass ions for the same inner column size. From previous studies of sympathetic cooling [30,32,33,34] we expect the temperature of both species to be less than 1 K. However, because the sharpness of the separation is much worse than calculated for T = 1 K, we believe the profile measurements in Fig. 9(b) are limited by the resolution of the imaging system optics.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Centrifugal separation of two-species ion plasmas has been observed and studied in 9 Be + -Hg + [30], 9 Be + -26 Mg + [32], 9 Be + -Cd + [33], and 9 Be + -136 Xe + [34] plasmas. In these experiments, laser-cooling of one ion species resulted in temperatures of less than ∼1 K for the other ion species.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Laser-cooled Positron Plasma

Jelenković

Bollinger

Newbury

et al.

New Directions in Antimatter Chemistry and Physics

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We present results on trapping and cooling of positrons in a Penning trap. Positrons from a 2 mCi 22 Na source travel along the axis of a 6 T magnet and through the trap after which they strike a Cu reflection moderator crystal. Up to a few thousand positrons are trapped and lose energy through Coulomb collisions (sympathetic cooling) with laser-cooled 9 Be + . By imaging the 9 Be + laser-induced fluorescence, we observe centrifugal separation of the 9 Be + ions and positrons, with the positrons coalescing into a column along the trap axis. This indicates the positrons have the same rotation frequency and comparable density ( 4 × 10 9 cm −3 ) as the 9 Be + ions, and places an upper limit of approximately 5 K on the positron temperature of motion parallel to the magnetic field. We estimate the number of trapped positrons from the volume of this column and from the annihilation radiation when the positrons are ejected from the trap. The measured positron lifetime is > 8 days in our room temperature vacuum of 10 −8 Pa.

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Evidence for Highly Charged Ion Coulomb Crystallization in Multicomponent Strongly Coupled Plasmas

Cited by 70 publications

References 19 publications

Axialization of Laser Cooled Magnesium Ions in a Penning Trap

Axialization of Laser Cooled Magnesium Ions in a Penning Trap

Trapped highly charged ion plasmas

A Laser-cooled Positron Plasma

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