Evidence for Late Holocene Relative Sea‐Level Fall from Reconnaissance Stratigraphical Studies in an Area of Earthquake‐Subsided Intertidal Deposits, Isla Chiloé, Southern Chile

Bartsch-Winkler, Susan; Schmoll, Henry R.

doi:10.1002/9781444304053.ch6

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…However, Garrett et al [21] noted the occurrence of high marsh soils at elevations below modern mean sea level, implying RSL rise during the last 1 ka. This is in contrast to the late Holocene emergence noted in studies to the north [14,53,55,[87][88][89] and in our GIA predictions. Garrett et al [21] suggest that net tectonic subsidence of Chiloe Island, or glacio-isostatic subsidence related to the Patagonian Ice Sheet and not considered in current GIA models, may have caused RSL rise during the last 1 ka.…”

Section: Chile Subduction Zonecontrasting

confidence: 55%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Holocene Relative Sea-Level Change in Preserving Records of Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Dura

Engelhart

Vacchi

et al. 2016

Curr Clim Change Rep

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Eustasy and glacio-and hydro-isostatic adjustment are the main drivers of regional variability of Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) records. These regional variations in Holocene RSL influence the preservation of coastal wetland stratigraphic records of prehistoric earthquakes along subduction zone coasts. The length and completeness of prehistoric earthquake records is intrinsically linked to the accommodation space provided by gradually rising (<3 mm/year) Holocene RSL. In near-field regions that were located beneath northern hemisphere ice sheets (e.g., western Vancouver Island), RSL fall from a mid-Holocene highstand has limited prehistoric earthquake records to the last 1 ka. In intermediate field regions (e.g., southern Washington and central Oregon), gradual RSL rise over the last ∼7 ka has preserved widespread records of prehistoric earthquakes. In far-field regions (e.g., Sumatra, Chile, and Japan), fragmentary stratigraphic evidence of prehistoric earthquakes has been preserved only during periods of gradual RSL rise prior to a mid-Holocene highstand, or during the last 1-3 ka, when RSL was within 2 m of modern sea level, and thus within the tidal frame.

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Section: Chile Subduction Zonecontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…8a) [53, 87,88]. At the Maullin estuary, Cisternas et al [14] documented a ∼2-ka-long record of seven buried soil contacts marking repeated coseismic subsidence (Figs.…”

Section: Chile Subduction Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Holocene Relative Sea-Level Change in Preserving Records of Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Dura

Engelhart

Vacchi

et al. 2016

Curr Clim Change Rep

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“…More extensive evidence has been found at wetter sites in southern and south-central Chile, although records are limited to the last~2000 years (Atwater et al, 1992;Bartsch-Winkler and Schmoll, 1993;Cisternas et al, 2005;Moernaut et al, 2009;Nelson et al, 2009;Garrett et al, 2013;Ely et al, 2014;Moernaut et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Stratigraphic evidence of great subduction-zone earthquakes, like that discovered in the tidal marshes of Chile (Atwater et al, 1992;Bartsch-Winkler and Schmoll, 1993;Cisternas et al, 2005;Nelson et al, 2009), Alaska (Ovenshine and Lawson, 1976;Combellick and Reger, 1994;Shennan and Hamilton, 2006), and the U.S. Pacific Northwest (Darienzo et al, 1994;Atwater and Hemphill-Haley, 1997;Nelson et al, 1998), can be used to develop histories of large earthquakes that extend over multiple earthquake cycles. Coseismic vertical deformation of the coastline may be recorded in coastal sedimentary sequences as a series of sudden Lomnitz (1970), Kelleher (1972), Comte et al (1986), Beck et al (1998), and Melnick et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile

Dura

Cisternas

Horton

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Wesson et al, 2007;Mueller et al, 2015). Sedimentary and biostratigraphic evidence attests to the occurrence of past episodes of coseismic deformation and tsunami inundation along the Chilean subduction zone (Atwater et al, 1992;Bartsch-Winkler and Schmoll, 1993;Cisternas et al, 2005;Nelson et al, 2009;Garrett et al, 2013Garrett et al, , 2015Dura et al, 2015). However, incomplete understanding of present-day tidal marsh environments currently limits our ability to accurately quantify land-level changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern diatom assemblages from Chilean tidal marshes and their application for quantifying deformation during past great earthquakes

Hocking

Garrett

Cisternas

2017

J Quaternary Science

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Tidal marsh sediments from south-central Chile provide evidence for multiple great earthquakes. Diatom transfer functions, statistical models of the relationship between species preserved in the sediment and elevation, provide quantitative estimates of coseismic vertical land-level change associated with individual earthquakes. However, in southcentral Chile, our ability to quantify land-level change is currently limited by a lack of understanding of the environmental variables controlling the distribution of diatoms, an essential prerequisite for converting variations in fossil diatom assemblages into quantitative estimates of past elevation changes. We present a new modern diatom dataset for the region and explore the implications of the scale of the dataset used in transfer function models on the reconstructions of landlevel change. Modern training sets containing samples from a regional scale are superior to sub-regional and local-scale training sets, providing closer estimates for known deformation during the great 1960 Chilean earthquake, a higher proportion of good modern analogues and uncertainty terms up to 42% smaller than previously published reconstructions.

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Evidence for Late Holocene Relative Sea‐Level Fall from Reconnaissance Stratigraphical Studies in an Area of Earthquake‐Subsided Intertidal Deposits, Isla Chiloé, Southern Chile

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Holocene Relative Sea-Level Change in Preserving Records of Subduction Zone Earthquakes

The Role of Holocene Relative Sea-Level Change in Preserving Records of Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile

Modern diatom assemblages from Chilean tidal marshes and their application for quantifying deformation during past great earthquakes

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