Evidence for litter differences in play behaviour in pre-weaned pigs

Brown, Sarah M.; Klaffenböck, M.; Nevison, I. M.; Lawrence, Alistair B.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2015.09.007

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Paradoxically, activation of ERK1/2, which also is upregulated by insulin (Gosmanov et al 2002) and promotes mTOR activity and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle (Mccubrey et al 2011), was augmented in LD and gastrocnemius between day 9 and 21 across all groups. Although speculative, this effect may be a consequence of the developmental increase in postprandial insulin levels observed in the study (data not shown), as well as an increase in muscle activity (Gosmanov et al 2002) associated with piglet growth (Brown et al 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Short- and long-term effects of leucine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation of a protein- and energy-reduced diet on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal pigs

et al. 2018

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The objective of this study was to determine if enteral leucine or branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation increases muscle protein synthesis in neonates who consume less than their protein and energy requirements, and whether this increase is mediated via the upregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway or the decrease in muscle protein degradation signaling. Neonatal pigs were fed milk replacement diets containing reduced energy and protein (R), R supplemented with BCAA (RBCAA), R supplemented with leucine (RL), or complete protein and energy (CON) at 4-h intervals for 9 (n = 24) or 21 days (n = 22). On days 9 and 21, post-prandial plasma amino acids and insulin were measured at intervals for 4 h; muscle protein synthesis rate and activation of mTOR-related proteins were determined at 120 min post-feeding in muscle. For all parameters measured, the effects of diet were not different between day 9 or day 21. Compared to CON and R, plasma leucine and BCAA were higher (P ≤ 0.01) in RL- and RBCAA-fed pigs, respectively. Body weight gain, protein synthesis, and activation of S6 kinase (S6K1), 4E-binding protein (4EBP1), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4 complex (eIF4E·eIF4G) were decreased in RBCAA, RL, and R relative to CON (P < 0.01). RBCAA and RL upregulated (P ≤ 0.01) S6K1, 4EBP1, and eIF4E·eIF4G compared to R. In conclusion, when protein and energy are restricted, both leucine and BCAA supplementation increase mTOR activation, but do not enhance skeletal muscle protein synthesis and muscle growth in neonatal pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Short- and long-term effects of leucine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation of a protein- and energy-reduced diet on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal pigs

et al. 2018

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“…It is generally known that the frequency of play declines with reduced nutrient intake in a variety of animals (Duve et al, 2012;Krachun et al, 2010;Reale & Bousses, 1999). Similarly, Brown, Klaffenbock, Nevison, and Lawrence (2015) reported that growth rates in postnatal piglets were significantly and positively associated with play behavior. Our result that indicated there was a significant relationship between the frequency of locomotor play (galloping, leaping, and turning) and growth rate is consistent with the Surplus Resource Theory on play behavior coined by Burghardt (1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sex, age, or genetic differences related to play behaviors in Japanese Black calves

Aierqing

Nakagawa

Okita

et al. 2019

Animal Science Journal

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Play behavior in young animals has been used to evaluate the condition (health) of livestock. We investigated age, sex, and genetic differences of Japanese Black calves in relation to frequency of play behaviors (galloping, leaping, turning, bucking, head butting objects, and head shaking) and examined how these relationships might affect growth during the suckling stage. Locomotor play behaviors (galloping, leaping, turning, and bucking) and head butting objects gradually declined with the age for both sexes. The frequency of head butting was significantly higher in males than females. We found that significant interaction effects (age × MAOA polymorphism) in play behaviors (except head shaking) and the frequencies of locomotor play in calves without the wild‐type allele were significantly higher than those in younger calves (2 and 6 weeks of age). Weight gain was significantly correlated with the frequency of locomotor play in females, but not in males. This study suggests that play in Japanese Black calves gradually declines as they mature and that play may be controlled by variations in the MAOA gene. In addition, the frequency of locomotor play may be an indicator of health in female calves.

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“…The observer used a 10 second window to aid in accurate identification of the behaviour occurring at the start of every scan sample. A condensed ethogram based on previous work in enrichment (43) and play (44) in pigs (Table 1) was used. All behaviours were recorded as frequencies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally enriched pigs have transcriptional profiles consistent with neuroprotective effects and reduced microglial activity

Brown

Bush

Summers

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Environmental enrichment (EE) is widely used to study the effects of external factors on brain development, function and health in rodent models, but very little is known of the effects of EE on the brain in a large animal model such as the pig. Twenty-four young pigs (aged 5 weeks at start of study, 1:1 male: female ratio) were housed in environmentally enriched (EE) pens and provided with additional enrichment stimulation (a bag filled with straw) once daily. Litter, weight and sex matched controls n= (24) were housed in barren (B) conditions. Behaviour was recorded on alternate days from study day 10. After 21 days, RNA-sequencing of the frontal cortex of male piglets culled one hour after the enrichment stimulation, but not those at 4 hours after stimulation, showed upregulation of genes involved in neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity in the EE compared to the B condition. This result is mirrored in the behavioural response to the stimulation which showed a peak in activity around the 1 hour time-point. By contrast, EE piglets displayed a signature consistent with a relative decrease in microglial activity compared to those in the B condition. These results confirm those from rodents, suggesting that EE may also confer neuronal health benefits in large mammal models, through a potential relative reduction in neuroinflammatory process and increase in neuroprotection driven by an enrichment-induced increase in behavioural activity.

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Evidence for litter differences in play behaviour in pre-weaned pigs

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Short- and long-term effects of leucine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation of a protein- and energy-reduced diet on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal pigs

Short- and long-term effects of leucine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation of a protein- and energy-reduced diet on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal pigs

Sex, age, or genetic differences related to play behaviors in Japanese Black calves

Environmentally enriched pigs have transcriptional profiles consistent with neuroprotective effects and reduced microglial activity

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