Evidence for load-bearing structures specialized for the catch state in Mytilus smooth muscle

Sugi, Haruo; Iwamoto, Hiroyuki; Shimo, Makoto; Shirakawa, Ibuki

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00017-3

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Early after the discovery of twitchin's role some evidence was presented arguing that the stretch resistance was due to long lasting actomyosin cross bridges, with the actomyosin being unable to detach unless twitchin was phosphorylated Funabara and Watabe, 2002). However, studies showing that 1) actively contracting muscles and muscles in catch have different load bearing abilities (Sugi et al, 1999;Mukou et al, 2004), 2) rigor cross-bridge detachment rates are too fast to explain catch time course (Galler et al, 1999), 3) treatments that alter or abolish crossbridge formation do not alter catch Andruchov et al, 2006;Höpflinger et al, 2006), and 4) twitchin phosphorylation does not affect myosin head detachment gradually made that position untenable.…”

Section: Post-1997-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Hooper

Hobbs

Thuma

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

131

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This is the second in a series of canonical reviews on invertebrate muscle. We cover here thin and thick filament structure, the molecular basis of force generation and its regulation, and two special properties of some invertebrate muscle, catch and asynchronous muscle. Invertebrate thin filaments resemble vertebrate thin filaments, although helix structure and tropomyosin arrangement show small differences. Invertebrate thick filaments, alternatively, are very different from vertebrate striated thick filaments and show great variation within invertebrates. Part of this diversity stems from variation in paramyosin content, which is greatly increased in very large diameter invertebrate thick filaments. Other of it arises from relatively small changes in filament backbone structure, which results in filaments with grossly similar myosin head placements (rotating crowns of heads every 14.5 nm) but large changes in detail (distances between heads in azimuthal registration varying from three to thousands of crowns). The lever arm basis of force generation is common to both vetebrates and invertebrates, and in some invertebrates this process is understood on the near atomic level. Invertebrate actomyosin is both thin (tropomyosin:troponin) and thick (primarily via direct Ca ++ binding to myosin) filament regulated, and most invertebrate muscles are dually regulated. These mechanisms are well understood on the molecular level, but the behavioral utility of dual regulation is less so. The phosphorylation state of the thick filament associated giant protein, twitchin, has been recently shown to be the molecular basis of catch. The molecular basis of the stretch activation underlying asynchronous muscle activity, however, remains unresolved.

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Section: Post-1997-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Hooper

Hobbs

Thuma

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

131

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“…actin-myosin linkages. Recently, however, Sugi et al (1999) have shown that the SEC in the ABRM fibres becomes definitely stiffer in the late phase of the catch state, in which the catch force decays below 0.5P0, which is consistent with the presence of a forcebearing structure other than the actomyosin system. In the present study, the force-extension curves of the SEC for forces >P0 were obtained by applying quick increases in load, and the SEC has also been shown to be definitely stiffer during the catch state than during the maximum active force generation (Fig.·5A).…”

Section: Relation With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…After recording the resulting fibre lengthening, the preparation was restored to its original length and ACh was removed to put the preparation into the catch state, which was established 3-5·min after the ACh removal (Sugi et al, 1999). The preparation was then subjected to quick increases in load at various force levels Px.…”

Section: General Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marked load-bearing ability ofMytilussmooth muscle in both active and catch states as revealed by quick increases in load

Mukou

Kishi

Shirakawa

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The anterior byssal retractor muscle (ABRM) of the bivalve Mytilus edulis shows a prolonged tonic contraction, called the catch state. To investigate the catch mechanism, details of which still remain obscure, we studied the mechanical responses of ABRM fibres to quick increases in load applied during maximum active isometric force (P0)generation and during the catch state. The mechanical response consisted of three components: (1) initial extension of the series elastic component (SEC),(2) early isotonic fibre lengthening with decreasing velocity, and (3) late steady isotonic fibre lengthening. The ABRM fibres could bear extremely large loads up to 10–15P0 for more than 30–60 s,while being lengthened extremely slowly. If, on the other hand, quick increases in load were applied during the early isometric force development,the ABRM fibres were lengthened rapidly (`give') under loads of 1.5–2P0. These findings might possibly be explained by two independent systems acting in parallel with each other; one is the actomyosin system producing active shortening and active force generation,while the other is the load-bearing system responsible for the extremely marked load-bearing ability as well as the maintenance of the catch state.

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“…That only muscle contraction was involved is highly unlikely as estimates of the tensile strength of stiffened mutable echinoderm ligaments [e.g. 6-38 MPa (see Wilkie, 1984)] exceed the maximal contractile tension recorded for any muscle [1.4 MPa for bivalve ABRM (see Sugi et al, 1999)]. Furthermore, with regard specifically to diarthrial flexion in response to elevated [K + ] o and acetylcholine, as these agents destiffen the aboral diarthrial ligament of another crinoid (Motokawa et al, 2004), it is reasonable to infer that they had the same effect on the equivalent ligament of A. mediterranea.…”

Section: Significance Of Syzygial and Diarthrial Responses In Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and immunocytochemical evidence that glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in the activation of arm autotomy in the featherstarAntedon mediterranea(Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

Wilkie

Barbaglio

Maclaren

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe crinoid echinoderm Antedon mediterranea autotomises its arms at specialised skeletal joints known as syzygies that occur at regular intervals along the length of each arm. Detachment is achieved through the nervously mediated destabilisation of ligament fibres at a particular syzygy. The aim of this investigation was to identify neurotransmitters that are involved in the autotomy response. Physiological experiments were conducted on isolated preparations of syzygial joints, which can be induced to undergo autotomy-like fracture by applying stimulatory agents such as elevated

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Evidence for load-bearing structures specialized for the catch state in Mytilus smooth muscle

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Marked load-bearing ability ofMytilussmooth muscle in both active and catch states as revealed by quick increases in load

Physiological and immunocytochemical evidence that glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in the activation of arm autotomy in the featherstarAntedon mediterranea(Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

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