Evidence for magma mixing during Triassic magmatism in West Qinling, China: Constraints from petrology, geochemistry, U–Pb zircon geochronology, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic of the Baguashan pluton

Abstract

The West Qinling Orogen, which forms the western part of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, is characterized by the voluminous distribution of Triassic granitoids. Here, we investigate the Baguashan monzogranite which hosts numerous mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). We present zircon U–Pb–Hf and whole‐rock geochemical as well as Sr–Nd isotopic data of the monzogranites and MMEs with a view to gain insights on the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating yields ages of 219.0 ± 1.7 Ma and 219.5 ± 1.6 Ma for the MMEs, and 214.2 ± 1.3 Ma for the host monzogranite, suggesting formation from coeval magmas. The host monzogranites show high SiO2, Rb, Ba, and Th contents, but low TiO2, MgO, P2O5 values, with A/CNK of <1.1. Zircon grains from monzogranites show εHf(t) values in the range of −6.3 to +3.2 with corresponding two‐stage Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1.39–2.25 Ga. The MMEs are mostly elliptical or spherical in shape and have lower SiO2 and Th contents, but higher MgO, TiO2, and CaO, and εHf(t) values ranging from −6.1 to +5.7 with TDM2 of 1.17–2.23 Ga. The Sr–Nd isotopic data for MMEs and monzogranites show (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ranging from 0.7059 to 0.7069 and low εNd(t) values ranging from −6.07 to −4.18, suggesting a crustal origin. Based on the relatively homogeneous Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, we suggest that the MMEs represent magma mixing, and the mafic magma injected into the felsic magma chamber was probably derived by the reworking of mafic lower crust with a contribution of juvenile materials. We propose a model involving delamination of thickened lower crust below the West Qinling Orogen after the collision between the North China Block and the South China Block in the Late Triassic. Subsequently, the lower crust was partially melted by the heat input from the upwelling asthenosphere and produced the mafic magma. Partial melting of the ancient metamorphic rocks generated the granitic magma. The interaction of mafic and felsic magmas occurred within a post‐collisional tectonic setting in the Late Triassic.

Geochronology, Petrogenesis, and Tectonic Setting of the Late Triassic Banpo Pluton from the Western Part of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt

“…The late Indosinian intrusive rocks are primarily distributed in the central southern part of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt [8,9,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In recent years, several researchers have studied the Indosinian intrusive rocks found in the western region of the North Qinling Belt and proposed different perspectives on the formation of the tectonic environment, categorizing them into the early subduction stage and late-collision or post-collision stage [2,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Regionally, the granite in the Western Qinling Mountains is mainly developed on the northern side of the Xiahe Hezhe Lintan Minxian Dangchang fault and is mainly of the Indosinian period.…”