Evidence for morning-to-evening limb asymmetry on the cool low-density exoplanet WASP-107 b

Murphy, Matthew M.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Schlawin, Everett; Bell, Taylor J.; Line, Michael R.; Greene, Thomas P.; Parmentier, Vivien; Rauscher, Emily; Welbanks, Luis; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Rieke, Marcia

doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02367-9

Nat Astron

2024

DOI: 10.1038/s41550-024-02367-9

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Evidence for morning-to-evening limb asymmetry on the cool low-density exoplanet WASP-107 b

Matthew M. Murphy,

Thomas G. Beatty,

Everett Schlawin

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 69 publications

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Gen TSO: A General JWST Simulator for Exoplanet Times-series Observations

Cubillos

2024

PASP

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Gen TSO is a noise calculator specifically tailored to simulate James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) time-series observations of exoplanets. Gen TSO enables the estimation of signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) for transit or eclipse depths through an interactive graphical interface, similar to the JWST Exposure Time Calculator (ETC). This interface leverages the ETC by combining its noise simulator, Pandeia, with additional exoplanet resources from the NASA Exoplanet Archive, the Gaia DR3 catalog of stellar sources, and the TrExoLiSTS database of JWST programs. The initial release of Gen TSO allows users to calculate S/Ns for all JWST instruments for the spectroscopic time-series modes available as of the Cycle 4 GO call. Additionally, Gen TSO allows users to simulate target acquisition on the science targets or, when needed, on nearby stellar targets within the visit splitting distance. This article presents an overview of Gen TSO and its main functionalities. Gen TSO has been designed to provide both an intuitive graphical interface and a modular API to access the resources mentioned above, facilitating planing and simulation of JWST exoplanet time-series observations. Gen TSO is available for installation via the Python Package Index and its documentation can be found at pcubillos.github.io/gen_tso.

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Gen TSO: A General JWST Simulator for Exoplanet Times-series Observations

Cubillos

2024

PASP

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An Analytic Characterization of the Limb Asymmetry—Transit Time Degeneracy

Murphy,

Beatty,

Apai

2024

ApJ

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Atmospheres are not spatially homogeneous. This is particularly true for hot, tidally locked exoplanets with large day-to-night temperature variations, which can yield significant differences between the morning and evening terminators—known as limb asymmetry. Current transit observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are precise enough to disentangle the separate contributions of these morning and evening limbs to the overall transmission spectrum in certain circumstances. However, the signature of limb asymmetry in a transit light curve is highly degenerate with uncertainty in the planet’s time of conjunction. This raises the question of how precisely transit times must be measured to enable accurate studies of limb asymmetry, in particular with JWST. Although this degeneracy has been discussed in the literature, a general description of it has not been presented. In this work, we show how this degeneracy results from apparent changes in the transit contact times when the planetary disk has asymmetric limb sizes. We derive a general formula relating the magnitude of limb asymmetry to the amount by which it would cause the apparent time of conjunction to vary, which can reach tens of seconds. Comparing our formula to simulated observations, we find that numerical fitting techniques add additional bias to the measured time, of generally less than a second, resulting from the occultation geometry. We also derive an analytical formula for this extra numerical bias. These formulae can be applied to planning new observations or interpreting literature measurements, and we show examples for commonly studied exoplanets.

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Evidence for morning-to-evening limb asymmetry on the cool low-density exoplanet WASP-107 b

Cited by 2 publications

References 69 publications

Gen TSO: A General JWST Simulator for Exoplanet Times-series Observations

Gen TSO: A General JWST Simulator for Exoplanet Times-series Observations

An Analytic Characterization of the Limb Asymmetry—Transit Time Degeneracy

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