Evidence for Obliqueness of Angles as a Cue to Planar Surface Slant Found in Extremely Simple Symmetrical Shapes

Erkelens, Casper J.

doi:10.3390/sym7010241

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…between the sets of parallel edges becomes closer to perpendicular on the plane with the perceived orientation (see also Saunders & Knill, 2001Griffiths & Zaidi, 2000Erkelens, 2013 for similar observations). Erkelens (2015) also showed this bias on the perceived orientation of a plane in a 3D scene by using an isosceles triangle and a T-junction.…”

Section: Perception Of a Perpendicular Anglementioning

confidence: 77%

“…A pair of parallel lines in a 3D scene are projected to a pair of converging lines B and C in the figure that forms a perpendicular angle. But, the angles of the converging lines is underestimated and the angle of B and C is not perceived as perpendicular (Erkelens, 2015;Osa et al, 2011). between the sets of parallel edges becomes closer to perpendicular on the plane with the perceived orientation (see also Saunders & Knill, 2001Griffiths & Zaidi, 2000Erkelens, 2013 for similar observations).…”

Section: Perception Of a Perpendicular Anglementioning

confidence: 95%

“…2.3), for example many images of the Necker cube (e.g. Erkelens, 2015). 4 On the other hand, a rectangular shape is not perceived from an image that satisfies the conditions (JY′, JA′) but has large violations of the conditions (JY, JA) (Perkins, 1972, Perkins & Deregowski, 1982.…”

Section: Types Of Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A role of rectangularity in perceiving a 3D shape of an object

Dvoeglazova,

Sawada

2024

Preprint

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Rectangularity and perpendicularity of contours are important properties of 3D shape for thevisual system and the visual system can use them as a priori constraints for perceiving shape veridically.The present article provides a comprehensive review of prior studies of the perception of rectangularityand perpendicularity and it discusses their effects on 3D shape perception from both theoretical andempirical approaches. It has been shown that the visual system is biased to perceive a rectangular 3Dshape from a 2D image. We thought that this bias might be attributable to the likelihood of arectangular interpretation but this hypothesis is not supported by the results of our psychophysicalexperiment. Note that the perception of a rectangular shape cannot be explained solely on the basis ofgeometry. A rectangular shape is perceived from an image that is inconsistent with a rectangularinterpretation. To address this issue, we developed a computational model that can recover arectangular shape from an image of a parallelopiped. The model allows the recovered shape to beslightly inconsistent so that the recovered shape satisfies the a priori constraints of maximumcompactness and minimal surface area. This model captures some of the phenomena associatedwith the perception of the rectangular shape that were reported in prior studies. This finding suggeststhat rectangularity works for shape perception by incorporating it with some additional constraints.

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Section: Perception Of a Perpendicular Anglementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Perception Of a Perpendicular Anglementioning

confidence: 95%

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A role of rectangularity in perceiving a 3D shape of an object

Dvoeglazova,

Sawada

2024

Preprint

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“…These feature points are inherent in the 3D objects present in the scene. Note that: (i) the shapes and positions of these objects often satisfy a number of a priori constraints, and (ii) the visual system can make use of these a priori constraints to recover a 3D scene from its 2D representation on the retina [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] (see Reference [ 50 ] for example). In light of these facts, it is questionable that many, if any, inferences about the visual system can be generalized to the veridical perception observed in our everyday life from the non-veridical perceptions that have been observed in many psychophysical studies that used very simple visual stimuli, such as triangles, ellipses, and planes that intersect the interocular axis perpendicularly, or are coplanar with the eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Treatment of Limitations Inherent in Simple 3D Stimuli: Triangles and the P3P Problem

Minkov

Sawada

2021

Vision

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Understanding the visual stimulus in a psychophysical experiment, theoretically, is critical for controlling the experiment, for interpreting the empirical results of the experiment, and for discussing the mechanisms the visual system used to get these results. This fact encourages visual scientists to use “simple” visual stimuli in their experiments. A triangle is one of the simplest stimuli that has been used by psychophysicists to study 3D perception. It has also been used to compose the polygonal meshes that represent complex 3D surfaces in computer graphics. The relationship between the shape, orientation, and retinal image of a triangle has also been studied as the Perspective-3-Point problem (P3P). In this study, the statistical properties of this relationship between the 2D retinal image of a triangle and its recovered 3D orientation were tested in a simulation experiment whose results showed that a triangle is qualitatively different from more complex shapes that have been used to recover 3D information from their retinal images. This raises an important question, namely, how many, if any, inferences about our visual system can be generalized to our perceptions in everyday life when they are based on psychophysical experiments that used very simple visual stimuli such as triangles.

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“…A perpendicular junction in a 3D scene can be projected to a junction with any angle in the 2D image, but this depends on the orientation of the junction in the scene. It has been shown that the perception of a 3D shape from a 2D contour drawing is biased to make the 3D shape have perpendicular junctions (Erkelens, 2015), and to make the faces of the 3D shape form perpendicular corners (Perkins, 1972;Perkins, 1976;Sugihara, 1997Sugihara, , 2005Sugihara, , 2014bGriffiths & Zaidi, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceiving Perpendicular and Parallel Contours in the Frontoparallel Plane

Koshmanova

Sawada

2018

SSRN Journal

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The perception of a pair of contours in a retinal image cannot be understood simply by adding up the perceptions of the individual contours, especially when they form a perpendicular junction, or are parallel to one another. It is the relationship among the contours that determines what is perceived. Note that it is hard to actually compare the perception of such configurations quantitatively. We managed to do this by testing the perception of such configurations in three psychophysical experiments in which the perception was characterized by measuring the orientation threshold of a single contour. This threshold was estimated by using a modified Method of Constant Stimuli based on the assumption that contours forming a configuration are perceived individually, and that they are integrated linearly. This assumption made the quantitative comparison of the perceived configurations possible. We found that changes of the estimated threshold depended on the type of the configuration, specifically thresholds estimated from a perpendicular junction were substantially lower than thresholds estimated from a single contour or from a non-perpendicular junction. The lowest thresholds were observed when the threshold was estimated from a pair of parallel contours. These results suggest that the visual system is sensitive to perpendicular junctions and parallel contours in a retinal image.

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Evidence for Obliqueness of Angles as a Cue to Planar Surface Slant Found in Extremely Simple Symmetrical Shapes

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

A role of rectangularity in perceiving a 3D shape of an object

A role of rectangularity in perceiving a 3D shape of an object

Theoretical Treatment of Limitations Inherent in Simple 3D Stimuli: Triangles and the P3P Problem

Perceiving Perpendicular and Parallel Contours in the Frontoparallel Plane

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