Evidence for opioid and non-opioid forms of stimulation-produced analgesia in the rat

Cannon, J. Timothy; Prieto, Gustavo; Lee, A.; Liebeskind, John C.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90255-4

Cited by 205 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…17,18) Stimulation of the PAG matter produces a kind of analgesia which is mediated by the release of endogenous opioids and blocked by pretreatment with naloxone. 19) In the present study, naltrexone application partially abolished Corydalis tuber-induced inhibition on glycine-activated ion current in the PAG neurons. These results show that the opioid receptors are partly involved in the inhibitory action of Corydalis tuber on glycine-activated ion current in the PAG neurons, suggesting that some components of Corydalis tuber exert analgesic action through opioid receptors in the PAG neurons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Modulation of Corydalis tuber on Glycine-Induced Ion Current in Acutely Dissociated Rat Periaqueductal Gray Neurons

Cheong

Choi

Cho

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Corydalis tuber is the root of Corydalis yahusuo W. T. WANG classified as Papaveraceae. Aqueous extract from Corydalis tuber is known to stimulate blood circulation and relieve pain. It has traditionally been used for the treatment of neuralgia, dysmenorrhea, and gastrointestinal spasm. 1)The analgesic and spasmolytic properties of the Corydalis tuber are essentially ascribed to several alkaloids: DL-tetrahydropalmatine (THP), D-cotydaline, and corydalis H, I, J, K, and L. The alkaloids exhibited analgesic, antiarrhythmic, antithrombic, antiinflammatory, anticataractic, antihypertensive, and antiallergic activities.2) Among others, THP is a very effective monoamine depletor in the brain and also possesses analgesic, sedative, hypnotic, and antihypertensive actions.3)The transmission of nociceptive information may be altered by various neuronal circuits within the central nervous system (CNS). One of them is a descending pain control system, which consists of three major components: the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the midbrain, the rostroventral medulla (RM) including the nucleus raphe magnus, and the spinal dorsal horn. Of these, modulation of pain in the PAG matter is the most extensively studied pain control system. 4,5) PAG is known as a major target of analgesic action of the opioid in the CNS. 6) Stimulation within the midbrain PAG produces an opioid receptor-mediated analgesia. 7)Opioid peptides and opiates produce analgesia by activating the descending pain modulatory pathways, especially at the level of the PAG. 4,8,9) They also regulate the nociceptive transmission in part by inhibiting the release of transmitters.8,10) The effects of opiates and opioid peptides also have been reported to activate potassium channels 11,12) or to inhibit calcium channels. 13,14) It is proposed that endogenous opioid peptides can activate PAG output neurons by inhibiting inhibitory interneurons. 5)The amino acid glycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. The inhibitory action of glycine is mediated by a strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor and a glycine-gated chloride ion channel. Inhibitory glycine synapses in the brainstem and spinal cord are closely implicated in the transmission of nociception, in which glycine inhibits neurotransmission and relieves pain. In addition, the glycine-mediated inhibitory effect induces muscle relaxation, whereas inhibition of glycine receptors by strychnine induces convulsion. 15,16) The analgesic mechanism of Corydalis tuber in the context of the descending pain control system has not yet been clarified. In the present study, the modulation of Corydalis tuber on glycine-activated ion current in the acutely dissociated PAG neurons was investigated using a nystatin-perforated patch-clamp technique under voltage-clamp conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of PAG NeuronsThe PAG neurons were freshly dissociated using a technique described elsewhere. 9,13) In brief, 10-to 15-d-old Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were decapitated under Zoletil 50 ® ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Modulation of Corydalis tuber on Glycine-Induced Ion Current in Acutely Dissociated Rat Periaqueductal Gray Neurons

Cheong

Choi

Cho

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Finally, stimulation of the dlPAG produces analgesia that may prevent recuperative behaviors from interfering with circa-strike behavior. Unlike the analgesia produced as part of the post-encounter module, this analgesia is nonopioid (Cannon, Prieto, Lee, & Liebeskind, 1982). Interestingly, nonopioid analgesia occurs unconditionally for a brief period of time immediately following electric shock (Grau, 1984;Maier, 1989)-exactly the time that the activity burst occurs.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural organization of the defensive behavior system responsible for fear

1994

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This paper applies the behavior systems approach to fear and defensive behavior, examining the neural circuitry controlling fear and defensive behavior from this vantage point. The defensive behavior system is viewed as having three modes that are activated by different levels offear. Low levels of fear promote pre-encounter defenses, such as meal-pattern reorganization. Moderate levels of fear activate post-encounter defenses. For the rat, freezing is the dominant post-encounter defensive response. Since this mode of defense is activated by learned fear, forebrain structures such as the amygdala playa critical role in its organization. Projections from the amygdala to the ventral periaqueductal gray activate freezing. Extremely high levels of fear, such as those provoked by physical contact, elicit the vigorous active defenses that compose the circa-strike mode. Midbrain structures such as the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and the superior colliculus playa crucial role in organizing this mode of defense. Inhibitory interactions between the structures mediating circa-strike and post-encounter defense allow for the rapid switching between defensive modes as the threatening situation varies.The functional behavior systems paradigm provides a structural framework that can aid analysis of the environmental control, response topography, and neural mechanisms that determine behavior. One major characteristic of the behavior systems approach is that it views an animal as having a set of several genetically determined, prepackaged behaviors that it uses to solve a particular functional problem (e.g., feeding). If the current conditions demand that this problem must be solved immediately, the animal's behavioral repertoire may become restricted to that set of prepackaged behaviors. Bolles (1970) outlined a strikingly clear example of this in his species-specific defense reaction (SSDR) theory. SSDRs are the rat's innately determined defensive behaviors; freezing, fighting, and flight are examples. When the rat is confronted by a natural environmental threat (e.g., a predator) or an artificial one (e.g., an electric shock), its behavioral repertoire becomes restricted to its SSDRs. In such situations the rat finds it difficult, if not impossible, to execute a response that does not resemble an SSDR. However, the animal does have some flexibility, in that it has several SSDRs from which to choose. The assumption of an adaptationist approach, such as the behavioral systems

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“…The VLPAG is known to play a key role in descending modulation of pain and several studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of this region inhibits ascending pain transmission (Cannon et al, 1982;De Luca-Vinhas et al, 2006). Unlike the LPAG, the VLPAG is activated upon noxious stimulation of deep tissue D P Finn et al, 2003;Keay et al, 1997;Bandler, 2001, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype-dependent responsivity to inflammatory pain: A role for TRPV1 in the periaqueductal grey

Madasu

Okine

Olango

et al. 2016

Pharmacological Research

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Evidence for opioid and non-opioid forms of stimulation-produced analgesia in the rat

Cited by 205 publications

References 21 publications

Modulation of Corydalis tuber on Glycine-Induced Ion Current in Acutely Dissociated Rat Periaqueductal Gray Neurons

Modulation of Corydalis tuber on Glycine-Induced Ion Current in Acutely Dissociated Rat Periaqueductal Gray Neurons

Neural organization of the defensive behavior system responsible for fear

Genotype-dependent responsivity to inflammatory pain: A role for TRPV1 in the periaqueductal grey

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