Evidence for resistance of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) to birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum)

Helander, Marjo; Vuorinen, Pirjo; Saikkonen, Kari; Lappalainen, Janne

doi:10.1017/s0953756297004437

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although the breeding of DED resistant elms began in the Netherlands in 1928 and the United States in 1933 (Mittempergher & Santini 2004), little is known about inheritance of DED resistance in elms (Venturas et al 2014). Genetically based resistance of trees to other forest diseases, such as poplar leaf rust (Lefevre et al 1994), birch rust (Helander et al 1998), Armillaria root rot (Zas et al 2007) and pitch canker (Vivas et al 2012b), suggests that breeding trees for resistance is possible. In the Ulmus genus, the response of backcross hybrids of U. pumila, U. japonica and U. rubra hybrids to inoculation with O. novo-ulmi has been reported (Lester & Smalley 1972a, 1972b, 1972c, although heritability values were not quantified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and heritability estimates of Ulmus minor and Ulmus pumila hybrids for budburst, growth and tolerance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Solla¹,

López-Almansa²,

Martín³

et al. 2015

iForest

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Las plántulas obtenidas por cruzamiento Ulmus minor y U. minor × clones U. pumila fueron evaluados para florecer y por su resistencia de corteza a los daños del escarabajo, por su brotación vegetativa, su crecimiento en altura y su resistencia al Ophiostoma novo ulmi. Ramitas de polinización abierta y plántulas obtenidas a partir de los árboles padres fueron evaluados por los mismos rasgos. La mayoría de progenies tenía rasgos similares a sus padres, pero algunas presentan heterosis en el crecimiento anual o resistencia al Ophiostoma novo ulmi. El marchitamiento de hojas fue significativamente menor en progenies con U. minor × U. pumila en lugar de U. minor como progenitor (21,5 y 30,6%, respectivamente; P<0,05). La resistencia a O. novo ulmi aumentó significativamente en función de las mayores cantidades de U. pumila germoplasma del progenitor, sugiriendo que la resistencia a la enfermedad del olmo holandés es principalmente transmitida de la madre. La brotación fue anterior en las plántulas con tasas más bajas de crecimiento (P=0,0007) y el porcentaje de marchitez fue negativo en relación a comienzos de la brotación (P<0,0001). Otras relaciones fenotípicas incluyeron porcentajes de árboles florecientes y el crecimiento anual en altura (RP=0,44; P=0.0042), el porcentaje de árboles florecientes y la brotación vegetativo (RP=-0,53; p=0,0004), así como el porcentaje de escarabajos-árboles afectados y su crecimiento anual en altura (RP=0,60; P<0,0001). Las estimaciones de heredabilidad obtenidos de la regresión y de los métodos de varianza componentes variaron de 0,06 ± 0,04 a 0,64 ± 0,18; 0,10 ± 0,05 a 0,69 ± 0,17 y 0,13 ± 0,32 a 0,71 ± 0,22 para la brotación, crecimiento y tolerancia al O. novo ulmi, respectivamente. Un amplio y estrecho sentido de los valores de heredabilidad fueron superiores cuando se estima que 60 días después de la inoculación (dpi) de 15, 30 o 120 ppp. Estimaciones de heredabilidad y ventajas genéticas notificadas indican un alto grado de control genético aditivo y a demostrar la eficacia de la selección para la resistencia a la enfermedad del olmo holandés y el rápido crecimiento de los árboles.Seedlings obtained by crossing Ulmus minor and U. minor × U. pumila clones were assessed for flowering, bark beetle damage, vegetative budburst, height growth and resistance to Ophiostoma novo ulmi. Ramets and open pollinated seedlings obtained from the parent trees were assessed for the same traits. Most progenies had similar traits to their parents, but some presented heterosis in annual growth or resistance to O. novo-ulmi. Leaf wilting was significantly lower in progenies with U. minor × U. pumila rather than U. minor as female parent (21.5 and 30.6%, respectively; P<0.05). Resistance to O. novo ulmi increased significantly as a function of increased amounts of U. pumila germplasm from the female parent, suggesting that resistance to Dutch elm disease is primarily transmitted from the mother. Budburst occurred earlier in seedlings with low rather than high growth rates (P=0.0007) and percentage o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and heritability estimates of Ulmus minor and Ulmus pumila hybrids for budburst, growth and tolerance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Solla¹,

López-Almansa²,

Martín³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…Also, use of birch as firewood over long periods by Sami people ( The birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum, cf. Lappalainen et al, 1995;Helander et al, 1998), not much considered so far as a treeline-relevant factor, may also have been involved in birch treeline decline because it increases birch mortality. On the other hand, birch rust infection probably impairs autumnal moth performance (Lappalainen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon-dated peat and wood remains from the Finnish Subarctic: evidence of treeline and landscape history

Holtmeier

Broll

2006

The Holocene

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Seven peat and 40 dead wood remains (mountain birch) were sampled within and above the present treeline ecotone on two mountains (Rodjanoaivi, Koahppeloaivi/Staloskaidi) along the Tenojoki in northernmost Finnish Lapland. The oldest peat samples ('summit peats') date back to about 2000 yr BP. They accumulated during cool and increasingly humid climatic conditions. The other peat samples taken from wind-eroded peat remains on convex topography 60 Á100 m above the present tree limit are about 700 Á1300 years old. These peat layers developed during a phase of increasing Sphagnum peat formation. An eroded peat-covered Podzol that had developed under former tree stands with dwarfshrub vegetation in the understorey also reflects this climatic change. The oldest birch wood samples date from the same period. These and the many younger samples are evidence for a general treeline decline since the Holocene climatic optimum until present. As a result of the decline of the upper forest stands, the alpine zone has extended downslope and wind erosion has increased considerably in the former and present treeline ecotone, removing most of the peaty layers and top soils from wind-exposed topography. Whilst the cooling climate was the main factor triggering treeline retreat, episodic mass-outbreaks of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata), particularly when coincident with cold summers, must also be taken into consideration as a factor that enhanced or accelerated treeline decline during this period. As is evidenced by the wood samples, forest decline continued into modern times when overgrazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) became an additional factor enhancing wind erosion and affecting the regeneration of birch in the present treeline ecotone.

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“…Trees chosen at random in 1999 displaying most acute symptoms of pathogenic stress continued to show greatest stress in 2000. Phenotypic susceptibility to pathogenic stress can vary between birch trees, often because of genotypic differences (Helander et al ., 1998). It is conceivable, therefore, that some birch trees are intrinsically more susceptible to stress caused by the pathogen investigated in this study ( M. betulae ), and given that E. betulae becomes most abundant on these trees, it may result in some trees being predisposed to unusually high levels of both pathogenic stress and aphid herbivory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of host plant heterogeneity on the distribution of a birch aphid

Johnson

Elston

Hartley

2003

Ecological Entomology

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1. The spatial and temporal abundance of the aphid Euceraphis betulae was investigated in relation to heterogeneity in host plant (Betula pendula) vigour and pathogenic stress. The performance of aphids feeding on vigorous and stressed foliage was also examined.2. The plant stress and plant vigour hypotheses have been suggested as opposing ways in which foliage quality influences herbivore abundance. In many plants, however, vigorous growing foliage co-exists with stressed or damaged foliage.3. There was a negative correlation between branch growth (vigour) and branch stress (leaf chlorosis), with the most vigorous branches displaying little or no stress, and the most stressed branches achieving poor growth. There was a similar negative correlation between vigour and stress at the level of individual trees, which themselves represented a continuum in quality.4. At the beginning of the season, E. betulae were intermittently more abundant on vigorous branches than on branches destined to become stressed, but aphids became significantly more abundant on stressed branches later in the season, when symptoms of stress became apparent. Similar patterns of aphid abundance were seen on vigorous and stressed trees in the following year. 5. Euceraphis betulae performance was generally enhanced when feeding on naturally stressed B. pendula leaves, but there was some evidence for elevated potential reproduction when feeding on vigorous leaves too.6. Overall, plant stress probably influences E. betulae distribution more than plant vigour, but the temporal and spatial variability in plant quality suggests that plant vigour could play a role in aphid distribution early in the season.

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Evidence for resistance of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) to birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum)

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Genetic variation and heritability estimates of Ulmus minor and Ulmus pumila hybrids for budburst, growth and tolerance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Genetic variation and heritability estimates of Ulmus minor and Ulmus pumila hybrids for budburst, growth and tolerance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Radiocarbon-dated peat and wood remains from the Finnish Subarctic: evidence of treeline and landscape history

Influence of host plant heterogeneity on the distribution of a birch aphid

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