Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

Abdel‐Moneim, Ahmed S.; Abdelwhab, Elsayed M.

doi:10.3390/pathogens9070529

Cited by 191 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Although the bats are the probable reservoir source of SARS-CoV-2, the intermediate hosts have not identified yet, and pangolins are reported as possible intermediate hosts, responsible for the zoonotic transmission to humans [ 52 ]. Tigers, lions, minks, pigs, and rabbits are the most common companion and zoo animals known as animal hosts [ 53 ]. Fortunately, many domestic and companion animals are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 compared to humans.…”

Section: Animal Reservoirs Of Influenza Virus and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection

Khorramdelazad

Kazemi

Najafi

et al. 2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

102

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global public health emergency since December 2019, and so far, more than 980,000 people (until September 24, 2020) around the world have died. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the influenza virus regarding methods and modes of transmission, clinical features, related immune responses, and seasonal coincidence. Accordingly, co-infection by these viruses is imaginable because some studies have reported several cases with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection. Given the importance of the mentioned co-infection and the coming influenza season, it is essential to recognize the similarities and differences between the symptoms and pathogenesis of these two viruses and immunopathogenesis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Therefore, we reviewed the virology, clinical features, and immunopathogenesis of both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 and evaluated outcomes in cases with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection.

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Section: Animal Reservoirs Of Influenza Virus and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection

Khorramdelazad

Kazemi

Najafi

et al. 2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

102

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“…To determine whether the orally/intranasally/intratracheally inoculated pigs [16,17]. In addition, the development of animal models that emulate COVID-19 in humans is essential for pre-clinical testing of novel vaccines and therapeutics [20]. In this study, we inoculated nine pigs with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 that was passaged once in porcine cells.…”

Section: Absence Of Immune Response In Sars-cov-2-inoculated Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have determined the susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 via experimental infection [20,21]. Cats, hamsters, and ferrets are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrate varying clinical and pathological disease manifestations, readily transmit the virus to naïve animals, and mount a virusspecific immune response [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Meekins¹,

Morozov²,

Trujillo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic consequences. The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naive sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 was able to replicate in two different porcine cell lines with cytopathic effects. Interestingly, none of the SARS-CoV-2-inoculated pigs showed evidence of clinical signs, viral replication or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Moreover, none of the sentinel pigs displayed markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that although different porcine cell lines are permissive to SARS-CoV-2, five-week old pigs are not susceptible to infection via oral/intranasal/intratracheal challenge. Pigs are therefore unlikely to be significant carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and are not a suitable pre-clinical animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or efficacy of respective vaccines or therapeutics.

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“…human-to-animal transmission, is possible and of significant concern to animal and public health [16][17][18]. Instances of natural human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported with COVID-19 patients in domestic settings (dogs and cats), zoos (lions and tigers), and farms (mink) [18][19][20]. Therefore, investigations into the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in various animal species with human contact are essential to assess and control the risk of a spillover event and to establish the role these animals may play in the ecology of the virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Meekins

Morozov

Trujillo

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

117

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic consequences. The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naïve sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 was able to replicate in two different porcine cell lines with cytopathic effects. Interestingly, none of the SARS-CoV-2-inoculated pigs showed evidence of clinical signs, viral replication or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Moreover, none of the sentinel pigs displayed markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that although different porcine cell lines are permissive to SARS-CoV-2, five-week old pigs are not susceptible to infection via oral/ intranasal/intratracheal challenge. Pigs are therefore unlikely to be significant carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and are not a suitable pre-clinical animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or efficacy of respective vaccines or therapeutics.

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Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Animal Hosts

Cited by 191 publications

References 165 publications

Immunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection

Immunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2

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