Evidence for shared neural information between muscle synergies and corticospinal efficacy

Abstract

Stroke survivors often exhibit gait dysfunction which compromises self-efficacy and quality of life. Muscle Synergy Analysis (MSA), derived from electromyography (EMG), has been argued as a method to quantify the complexity of descending motor commands and serve as a direct correlate of neural function. However, controversy remains regarding this interpretation, specifically attribution of MSA as a neuromarker. Here we sought to determine the relationship between MSA and accepted neurophysiological parameters of motor efficacy in healthy controls, high (HFH), and low (LFH) functioning stroke survivors. Surface EMG was collected from twenty-four participants while walking at their self-selected speed. Concurrently, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered, during walking, to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the plantarflexor muscles during the pre-swing phase of gait. MSA was able to differentiate control and LFH individuals. Conversely, motor neurophysiological parameters, including soleus MEP area, revealed that MEP latency differentiated control and HFH individuals. Significant correlations were revealed between MSA and motor neurophysiological parameters adding evidence to our understanding of MSA as a correlate of neural function and highlighting the utility of combining MSA with other relevant outcomes to aid interpretation of this analysis technique.

Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper limb motor function in stroke patients with right hemiplegia based on EEG microstates and EMG

“…This observed increase post-TMS suggests potential bene ts of TMS therapy for stroke rehabilitation, indicating a positive impact on the recovery of muscle function. Consistent with existing research ndings (Munneke et al, 2018;Young et al, 2022), this supports the effectiveness of TMS as a neurorehabilitation tool, emphasizing its role in enhancing muscle activity in stroke patients. TMS is known to modulate cortical excitability by inducing electrical currents in the brain.…”

Alterations of upper-extremity functional muscle networks in chronic stroke survivors

“…The patient clusterings we observed instead suggest that exploiting the available degrees-of-freedom of less impaired patients by promoting adaptive compensatory strategies (Jones, 2017), although atypical, may be beneficial towards their motor function. This distinct interpretation provided by our framework aligns with previous work demonstrating a two-way stratification of stroke survivors into those whose recovery was and was not proportional to their initial impairment (Bonkhoff et al, 2022;Prabhakaran et al, 2008), representing distinct recovery patterns linked to corticospinal tract integrity (Byblow et al, 2015;Young et al, 2022). Our findings here concur with this observation, demonstrating that less cognitively impaired patients were able to adopt novel motor patterns likely through the adaptation of alternative descending neural pathways (Jones, 2017;McMorland et al, 2015), while more severely impaired cohorts were not, together suggesting direct links with neural impairments post-stroke.…”

Discovering individual-specific gait signatures from data-driven models of neuromechanical dynamics

“…Thus, although locomotor patterns can appear highly stereotyped, considerable inter-and intra-individual variability exists. Studies of locomotor behaviors have shown systematic differences in movement patterns based on a wide range of neural [1][2][3][4] and biomechanical perturbations [5][6][7][8] environmental challenges [9,10], psychological state [11,12], social status [13,14], injury [15][16][17], and disease [4,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. Furthermore, locomotor impairments can arise from a wide range of physiological and neurological changes, from the subtle changes that may be indicators of progressive disorders (e.g., aging, cognitive impairments) to profound impairments with brain injury (e.g., stroke, spinal cord injury) that can severely limit locomotor function.…”