Evidence for slip partitioning and bimodal slip behavior on a single fault: Surface slip characteristics of the 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake

Barnhart, William D.; Briggs, Richard W.; Reitman, Nadine G.; Gold, Ryan D.; Hayes, Gavin P.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.027

Cited by 43 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Average slip was 4.2 m along the main trace of fault with an 11.4 m local maximum offset [12]. Maximum displacements of 16m were noted [13]. The earthquake occurred in south-eastern Balochistan and ruptured ~ 230 Km of the Hoshab fault, which is arcuate northwest-dipping fault [14].…”

Section: The Awaran Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of 2013 M<sub>w</sub> 7.7 Awaran Earthquake, Pakistan

Mahmood

Iqbal

Mughal

et al. 2017

ILNS

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Abstract. Earthquake is a major disaster responsible for vast losses both life and infrastructure. Pakistan is one of the highly earthquake prone areas in Asia. The present study is carried out to investigate the dynamics of disastrous Awaran earthquake. The 2013 Mw 7.7 Awaran earthquake and its Mw 6.8 aftershock caused numerous loss of lives and vast infrastructure damages. The earthquake triggered along Hoshab fault rupturing 230 km of the fault. The rupture propagated at 3 Km/s on average and was concentrated in top 10 km with no major displacement in the underlying decollement. The rupture released a cumulative moment of 5.4 x 1020 Nm. This study reveals that although Hoshab fault originated as thrust fault, the slip was purely strike slip during the earthquake and that the rigid block rotation of southeastern Makran is responsible for the Awaran earthquake. The study concludes that the earthquake significantly increased the coulomb stress on Makran mega thrust and strike slip faults in Chaman fault system, hence increasing the risk of a major seismic event. Therefore, in order to prevent major loss of lives and infrastructure damages; designing of new building codes, reassessing the seismic hazard of the region and marking of hidden faults is of utmost importance.

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Section: The Awaran Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 cm/yr of convergence between Arabia and Eurasia is being accommodated by Makran convergence zone [15]. The area is characterized by Panjgur, Naib Rub and Hoshab fault system (PHNFS) which are east west oriented reverse faults [13]. Fault geometries are well defined in earthquake region [16].…”

Section: The Awaran Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of 2013 M<sub>w</sub> 7.7 Awaran Earthquake, Pakistan

Mahmood

Iqbal

Mughal

et al. 2017

ILNS

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“…In addition, a Mw 7.7 earthquake happened there on 23 September 2013, leaving obvious surface ruptures [25,[27][28][29]. Totally, 25 images covering the study area (Path: 154, Row: 42, see Figure 1, Table A1) are selected, pairing freely with a temporal baseline of 16 days (see Figure A1) and calculating mutually image deformation fields.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topographic shadow effect is a common problem in optical images, its orientation and length variations can lead to the TSA, especially in monitoring glacier and landslide [1,29]. Due to no effective reduction method, the TSA still remain in the coseismic deformation field of the 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake [25,27].…”

Section: Comparison With Current Researchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its operation, the Landsat 8 data have been applied to monitor earth surface movements. Many studies demonstrate that the Landsat 8 image cross-correlation technique has advantages in measuring surface deformation, such as mapping ice sheet velocity [26], coseismic deformation extraction [25,[27][28][29] and volcano deformation monitoring [30]. Many researchers have done a lot of analyses and error source correction of displacement measurement, but they mainly focused on a few data sources, such as SPOT, ASTER, HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) and aerial imagery [3,8,11,[13][14][15][16][17][19][20][21]31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-Temporal Error Sources Analysis and Accuracy Improvement in Landsat 8 Image Ground Displacement Measurements

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Because of the advantages of low cost, large coverage and short revisit cycle, Landsat 8 images have been widely applied to monitor earth surface movements. However, there are few systematic studies considering the error source characteristics or the improvement of the deformation field accuracy obtained by Landsat 8 image. In this study, we utilize the 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake to analyze error spatio-temporal characteristics and elaborate how to mitigate error sources in the deformation field extracted from multi-temporal Landsat 8 images. We found that the stripe artifacts and the topographic shadowing artifacts are two major error components in the deformation field, which currently lack overall understanding and an effective mitigation strategy. For the stripe artifacts, we propose a small spatial baseline (<200 m) method to avoid the stripe artifacts effect on the deformation field. We also propose a small radiometric baseline method to reduce the topographic shadowing artifacts and radiometric decorrelation noises. Those performances and accuracy evaluation show that these two methods are effective in improving the precision of deformation field. This study provides the possibility to detect subtle ground movement with higher precision caused by earthquake, melting glaciers, landslides, etc., with Landsat 8 images. It is also a good reference for error source analysis and corrections in deformation field extracted from other optical satellite images.

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The 2013 Balochistan earthquake: An extraordinary or completely ordinary event?

Zhou

Elliott

Parsons

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 2013 Balochistan earthquake, a predominantly strike‐slip event, occurred on the arcuate Hoshab fault in the eastern Makran linking an area of mainly left‐lateral shear in the east to one of shortening in the west. The difficulty of reconciling predominantly strike‐slip motion with this shortening has led to a wide range of unconventional kinematic and dynamic models. Here we determine the vertical component of motion on the fault using a 1 m resolution elevation model derived from postearthquake Pleiades satellite imagery. We find a constant local ratio of vertical to horizontal slip through multiple past earthquakes, suggesting the kinematic style of the Hoshab fault has remained constant throughout the late Quaternary. We also find evidence for active faulting on a series of nearby, subparallel faults, showing that failure in large, distributed and rare earthquakes is the likely method of faulting across the eastern Makran, reconciling geodetic and long‐term records of strain accumulation.

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Evidence for slip partitioning and bimodal slip behavior on a single fault: Surface slip characteristics of the 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

An Investigation of 2013 M<sub>w</sub> 7.7 Awaran Earthquake, Pakistan

An Investigation of 2013 M<sub>w</sub> 7.7 Awaran Earthquake, Pakistan

Spatio-Temporal Error Sources Analysis and Accuracy Improvement in Landsat 8 Image Ground Displacement Measurements

The 2013 Balochistan earthquake: An extraordinary or completely ordinary event?

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