Evidence for Surface Faulting During the September 26, 1997, Colfiorito (Central Italy) Earthquakes

Cello, Giuseppe; Deiana, Giovanni; Mangano, Paolo; Mazzoli, Stefano; Tondi, Emanuele; Ferreli, Luca; Maschio, Laura; Michetti, Alessandro Maria; Serva, Leonello; Vittori, E.

doi:10.1080/13632469809350324

Cited by 57 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The area of internal drainage is bounded to the NE by an active normal fault system (Cello et al 1997) that ruptured during the 1997 Umbria‐Marche earthquake sequence (Amato et al 1998). Despite the different interpretations given to the surface ruptures observed after the main shocks, the fault geometry revealed by seismological, geodetic, and field data (Amato et al 1998; Stramondo et al 1999; Basili et al 1998; Cello et al 1998b; Cinti et al 1999) is consistent with the longer‐term Quaternary evolution of the area. In particular, radar interferometry and GPS data showed several tens of centimetres of seismic subsidence in the hangingwall of the fault system bounding the basin (Stramondo et al 1999), and surface ruptures of a few cm in amplitude were found after the earthquake along previously‐mapped fault scarps at the foot of mountain fronts bounding the Quaternary basin.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Drainage Networkmentioning

confidence: 77%

Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy)

D’Agostino¹,

Jackson²,

Dramis³

et al. 2001

Geophysical Journal International

267

207

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SUMMARY In this paper we show that the processes that have shaped the Quaternary surface development of the Apennines in central Italy are all consequences of a single subcrustal process, the upwelling of the mantle. The relationship between gravity and topography shows that mantle convection is responsible for a long‐wavelength (150–200 km) topographic bulge over the central Apennines, and stratigraphic evidence suggests this bulge developed in the Quaternary. Active normal faulting is localized at the crest of this bulge and produces internally‐draining fault‐bounded basins. These basins have been progressively captured by the aggressive headward erosion of major streams that cut down to the sea on the flanks of the regional bulge. The only surviving closed basins are those on the Apennine watershed most distant from the marine base level, where continued normal faulting is still able to provide local subsidence that defeats their capture by the regional drainage network. Understanding the competition between regional capture and local, fault‐related subsidence of intermontane basins is crucial for recognizing potentially hazardous active faults in the landscape and also for interpreting the sediment supply to adjacent offshore regions. Central Italy provides a good modern analogue for processes that are probably common in the geological record, particularly on rifted margins and intracontinental rifts, but may not have been fully appreciated.

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Section: Evolution Of the Drainage Networkmentioning

confidence: 77%

Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy)

D’Agostino¹,

Jackson²,

Dramis³

et al. 2001

Geophysical Journal International

267

207

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“…Coseismic striking ground effects and surface faulting associated wit� t�e large eart�quakes are documented by bot� direct observations (e.g. westaway & Jackson 1984; Pantosti & Valensise 1990;Cello et al 1998a;Vittori et al 2000) and palaeoseismological investigations (e.g., Pantosti et al 1993Pantosti et al , 1996Blumetti 1995; Mic�etti et al 1996;Esposito et al 2000;Galli et al 2008).…”

Section: The Geological Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse sinkholes in the carbonate massifs of Central and Southern Apennines

Santo

Ascione²,

S³

et al. 2012

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This study focuses on karst collapse sinkholes of the southern and central Apennines region (Italy), and has the aim of outlining and discussing the factors whichcontribute to the occurrence of collapse phenomena. By the analysis of the morphometrical/morphological features of the about 600 initially identified sinkholes, about 50% were interpreted as collapse sinkholes related to karst phenomena, whichare the object of this study. These were geo-referred and organised in a data base, in whichinformation on the geological-structural and hydrogeological features of areas affected by the collapses was also reported. The collapse sinkhole inventory was paralleled by an analysis of the distribution of the main mineral springs (H2S- and CO2- richwaters), of travertine bodies and of extensional faults withlate Quaternary activity, whichwere all considered significant to the study due to the interrelations linking travertines, karst solution processes, CO2- richwaters and faults. Furthermore, withthe aim of investigating the role of seismic shaking in the occurrence of the collapses, the karst collapse sinkhole distribution was compared withthe distribution of stronger historical earthquake epicentres. The results of this regional scale synthesis suggests a possible key to the interpretation of karst collapse phenomena. The latter, in fact, appear correlated to the combination of peculiar conditions, whichmay be envisaged in the presence of active faults and mineral waters. The study, in particular, suggests that karst collapse sinkholes result from enhanced dissolution phenomena related to the rising of fluids of deep origin, for which active faults represent preferred pathways, and favoured by the presence of a relatively shallow water table. In the collapse events, an important role is possibly played by seismic shaking.

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“…The layer can arrest the rupture, decreasing the shear stress, according to mechanisms similar to those proposed by Rybicki & Yamashita (1998). An alluvial and lacustrine deposit of 120 m is present in the Colfiorito basin (Cello et al 1998). The fault depth, however, could be underestimated owing to the fact that we considered a uniform half‐space model.…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In the presence of a discontinuity in rigidity, and in particular when a low rigidity layer is near the surface, a uniform half‐space model, such as the model used in the present study, can never fully explain the horizontal displacements, which are systematically underestimated by approximately 20 per cent (Cattin et al 1999). Discontinuity in elastic properties certainly cannot be discarded in the present case (see, e.g., the complexities demonstrated in geological sections of the Colfiorito basin by, for example, Cello et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 91%

The major event of the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) sequence: what could we learn from DInSAR and GPS data?

Belardinelli¹,

Sandri²,

Baldi³

2003

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY The main event of the Umbria–Marche (Central Italy) sequence was an MW= 6 earthquake following another MW= 5.7 event that had occurred a few hours before. Two kinds of geodetic data enable us to image the coseismic displacement field related to these two earthquakes: GPS measurements over several points in the area and the vertical displacement field provided by DInSAR interferometry with respect to a preseismic stage. Both measurements were taken approximately 15 days after the main shock. Other two MW > 5 earthquakes occurred nearby, 6 and 9 days after the main shock, also contributed to the observed displacement field. The present study of the main structure involved in this sequence is based on the comparison between a dislocation model that is as simplified as possible and both kinds of deformational data. The seismogenic structures involved in the four events were described by several studies, made before the present one, where reference is also made to seismological evidence. The previously obtained inferences of fault geometry (length, width and slip heterogeneity) concerning the main event of the Umbria–Marche sequence are used here as a starting model. Compared with previous analyses of the same measurements, the present study identifies to what extent each fault parameter is constrained by the data, quantifying the uncertainties associated with its estimated value.

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Evidence for Surface Faulting During the September 26, 1997, Colfiorito (Central Italy) Earthquakes

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy)

Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy)

Collapse sinkholes in the carbonate massifs of Central and Southern Apennines

The major event of the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) sequence: what could we learn from DInSAR and GPS data?

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