Evidence for the presence of 16α‐hydroxypregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione in adrenal venous blood of young pigs

Holzbauer, Margarethe; Newport, Helen M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008275

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the case of pregnenolone a mass spectrogram was obtained (Holzbauer & Newport, 1968a). Evidence for the chemical identity of 16aOH-progesterone (Holzbauer & Newport, 1967a), 17acOH-progesterone (Holzbauer & Newport, 1968b), progesterone, 1 1f6OH-progesterone and 11/,OH-androstenedione (Heap et al 1966) in adrenal blood and gland extracts has been presented in previous papers. These observations were further substantiated for 1 1/OH-androstenedione by reducing the 'unknown' compound with NaBH4 to a compound behaving like 1l1,OH-testosterone (RRT 0*92, SE-30 column of the gas chromatograph), and for l1,fOH-progesterone by the formation of l1-ketoprogesterone (RRT 1-07, SE-30 column) on oxidation with Cr03.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal secretion rates and adrenal tissue concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11βOH‐androstenedione and some other steroids in young pigs and dogs

Holzbauer¹,

Newport²

1969

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The rates were measured at which a number of different steroids were secreted by the adrenal gland of the eviscerated and nephrectomized young pig and dog.2. In addition to cortisol and corticosterone the following steroids were consistently found to be present in the adrenal venous blood: pregnenolone, progesterone, 1l1,OH-progesterone, androstenedione, 1ll,OH-androstenedione and adrenosterone.3. The sum of the latter steroids could amount to as much as 30 % of the total steroid secretion.4. A severe deficit in the blood volume increased the secretion of pregnenolone and the 17-oxo steroids in the pig.5. ac-ethyltryptamine failed to inhibit ACTH release if the animals were eviscerated and nephrectomized, or if they were anaesthetized with chloralose instead of pentobarbitone sodium.6. The same steroids as in the adrenal venous blood were found in extracts from the adrenal glands of a number of species.7. The amount of individual steroids present in the adrenal gland of the stressed pig and dog was compared with the rate at which each had been secreted immediately before the excision of the gland.8. There was a positive correlation between the adrenal concentrations and the secretion rates of cortisol, the major glucocorticoid secreted by the pig and the dog.9. In contrast, the rate at which pregnenolone was secreted did not show a consistent relationship to its concentration in the gland.10. A storage mechanism for pregnenolone in the adrenal cortex is proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal secretion rates and adrenal tissue concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11βOH‐androstenedione and some other steroids in young pigs and dogs

Holzbauer¹,

Newport²

1969

The Journal of Physiology

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“…On previous occasions (Holzbauer & Newport, 1967;1969) the adrenal corticosteroid secretion of the young pig was studied in experiments in which adrenal venous blood was collected under anaesthesia from eviscerated animals. Cortisol and corticosterone were found to be secreted at ratios varying between 1:1 and 4:1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the Pituitary‐adrenal System of the Pig to Environmental Changes and Drugs

Blatchford

Holzbauer

Ingram

et al. 1978

British J Pharmacology

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1The reactivity of the pituitary-adrenal axis of the young pig was tested for its suitability as a sensitive index for any discomfort that might be experienced under certain conditions of intensive husbandry. 2 In a thermoneutral environment, most undisturbed piglets showed only slight variations in the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids. 3 Stimuli such as exposure to ambient temperatures of +40°C or -5°C were required to cause large rises in the plasma concentrations of ACTH and corticosteroids. 4 Apparently milder stimuli, such as change of environment, slight frustration or changes in ambient temperatures between + 5C and + 300C only rarely caused a significant rise in plasma corticosteroids. Thus changes in plasma corticosteroid concentrations are not a sensitive index for the reaction of a piglet to its environment. 5 Increases in plasma ACTH concentrations occurred faster than those of the corticosteroids, were larger when expressed as a percentage of the basal values and occurred following relatively small disturbances such as omission of the reward in an operant behaviour test when corticosteroid changes were often not detectable. Thus rises in plasma ACTH might be a useful indication that a given situation is disturbing to a pig. The reaction of plasma ACTH concentrations to chronic irritations as they might occur in intensive husbandry remains to be investigated. 6 Azaperone (2 mg/kg i.m.), a drug which is used as a-sedative in pigs, caused a rise of about 50% in plasma corticosteroid concentrations. It did not diminish the large steroid output seen when the animals were exposed to high and low ambient temperatures.

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“…Whatman No. 50 paper was used which was prepared as described by Holzbauer & Newport (1967). In the E1 system, the Rp value of pregnenolone was 0 35 and that of progesterone 0 50.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stress on the concentration of 3β‐hydroxypregn‐5‐en‐20‐one (pregnenolone) and pregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione (progesterone) in the adrenal gland of the rat

Holzbauer¹,

Newport²

1967

The Journal of Physiology

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Evidence for the presence of 16α‐hydroxypregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione in adrenal venous blood of young pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Adrenal secretion rates and adrenal tissue concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11βOH‐androstenedione and some other steroids in young pigs and dogs

Adrenal secretion rates and adrenal tissue concentrations of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11βOH‐androstenedione and some other steroids in young pigs and dogs

Responses of the Pituitary‐adrenal System of the Pig to Environmental Changes and Drugs

The effect of stress on the concentration of 3β‐hydroxypregn‐5‐en‐20‐one (pregnenolone) and pregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione (progesterone) in the adrenal gland of the rat

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