Evidence for Transmission of Plasmodium Vivax Among a Duffy Antigen Negative Population in Western Kenya

Ryan, Jeffrey R.; Stoute, José A.; Amon, Joseph J; Dunton, Raymond F.; Mtalib, Ramadhan; Koros, Joseph K.; Owour, Boaz; Luckhart, Shirley; Wirtz, Robert A.; Barnwell, John W.; Rosenberg, Ronald

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.575

Cited by 199 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Meanwhile, debate persists regarding the evolutionary relationship between P. vivax and Duffy negativity. Observations of P. vivax PCR positivity in Duffy-negative people add support for alternative receptors (20)(21)(22). In contrast, the observation that carriers of the Papua New Guinea Duffy-negative allele (FY*A ES ) (37) experience reduced P. vivax blood-stage infection (38) underscores the strong dependence this parasite displays on Duffy-dependent invasion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…With the availability of molecular diagnostics, observations of P. vivax PCR-positive, Duffy-negative individuals have been made (20)(21)(22). PCR-positive samples have been reported in Brazil where there is significant admixture of Duffy-negative and Duffypositive individuals (20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Positive PCR is therefore not synonymous with presence of intraerythrocytic parasites. A recent Kenya-based study reported P. vivax-positive Anopheles mosquitoes within Duffy-negative populations and low density, microscopically positive blood smears in Duffy-negative children, which could not be confirmed (22). To follow these observations, a survey of >2,500 blood samples from West and central Africans living in nine malaria-endemic countries was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people

Ménard

Barnadas

Bouchier

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

351

354

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Malaria therapy, experimental, and epidemiological studies have shown that erythrocyte Duffy blood group-negative people, largely of African ancestry, are resistant to erythrocyte Plasmodium vivax infection. These findings established a paradigm that the Duffy antigen is required for P. vivax erythrocyte invasion. P. vivax is endemic in Madagascar, where admixture of Duffy-negative and Duffy-positive populations of diverse ethnic backgrounds has occurred over 2 millennia. There, we investigated susceptibility to P. vivax blood-stage infection and disease in association with Duffy blood group polymorphism. Duffy blood group genotyping identified 72% Duffy-negative individuals (FY*B ES /*B ES ) in community surveys conducted at eight sentinel sites. Flow cytometry and adsorption-elution results confirmed the absence of Duffy antigen expression on Duffy-negative erythrocytes. P. vivax PCR positivity was observed in 8.8% (42/476) of asymptomatic Duffy-negative people. Clinical vivax malaria was identified in Duffy-negative subjects with nine P. vivax monoinfections and eight mixed Plasmodium species infections that included P. vivax (4.9 and 4.4% of 183 participants, respectively). Microscopy examination of blood smears confirmed blood-stage development of P. vivax, including gametocytes. Genotyping of polymorphic surface and microsatellite markers suggested that multiple P. vivax strains were infecting Duffy-negative people. In Madagascar, P. vivax has broken through its dependence on the Duffy antigen for establishing human blood-stage infection and disease. Further studies are necessary to identify the parasite and host molecules that enable this Duffyindependent P. vivax invasion of human erythrocytes.erythrocyte | evolution | DARC | Madagascar

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people

Ménard

Barnadas

Bouchier

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

351

354

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“…Though not as clinically relevant in many settings, it is becoming more appreciated that P. vivax lifecycle can persist in some Duffy-negative African populations, 7,9,30 and serological surveillance through the MBA offers a prime opportunity for inexpensive and robust identification of regions where this parasite may be endemic. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Rogier¹,

Moss²,

Chard³

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria serology through assaying for IgG against Plasmodium spp. antigens provides evidence into the infection history for an individual. The multiplex bead assay (MBA) allows for detection of IgG against multiple Plasmodium spp., and can be especially useful in many regions where Plasmodium falciparum is of primary clinical focus, but other species are co-endemic. Dried blood spots were collected from 805 Malian children attending 42 elementary schools in the regions of Mopti, Sikasso, Koulikoro, and Bamako capital district, and IgG assayed by MBA. As southern Mali is known to be holoendemic for P. falciparum, merozoite surface protein 1 19-kDa subunit (MSP-1 42 ) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) antigens were included for serology against this parasite. Responses to these antigens both provided high estimates for lifetime exposure, with 730 (90%) children with IgG antibodies for MSP-1 42 , 737 (91%) for AMA-1, and 773 (96%) positive for either or both. Also included was the antigen Plasmodium vivax MSP-1 19 , against which 140 (17.4%) children were found to have antibodies. Increases in antibody titers with older age were clearly seen with the P. falciparum antigens, but not with the P. vivax antigen, likely indicating more of a sporadic, rather than sustained transmission for this species. The MBA provides effective opportunities to evaluate malaria transmission through serological analysis for multiple Plasmodium species.

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“…It has been proposed that due to the near-fixation of FY Ã O, P. vivax infection in humans is largely absent from equatorial Africa. An important recent discovery suggests low levels of P.vivax infection in FY Ã O homozygotes [13][14][15][16][17], which indicates that P. vivax might be evolving escape variants able to overcome the protective effect of FY Ã O. Phenotypic effects of the FY Ã A mutation are less clear than FY Ã O; however, there is evidence of natural selection and reduced P. vivax infection in individuals with this genotype ( [18,19], with conflicting reports in the Brazilian Amazon however [12,20,21]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Analysis of the DARC Locus (Duffy) Reveals Adaptation from Standing Variation Associated with Malaria Resistance in Humans

McManus

Taravella

Henn

et al. 2016

Preprint

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The human DARC (Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) gene encodes a membranebound chemokine receptor crucial for the infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium vivax, a major causative agent of malaria. Of the three major allelic classes segregating in human populations, the FY*O allele has been shown to protect against P. vivax infection and is at near fixation in sub-Saharan Africa, while FY*B and FY*A are common in Europe and Asia, respectively. Due to the combination of strong geographic differentiation and association with malaria resistance, DARC is considered a canonical example of positive selection in humans. Despite this, details of the timing and mode of selection at DARC remain poorly understood. Here, we use sequencing data from over 1,000 individuals in twenty-one human populations, as well as ancient human genomes, to perform a fine-scale investigation of the evolutionary history of DARC. We estimate the time to most recent common ancestor (T MRCA ) of the most common FY*O haplotype to be 42 kya (95% CI: 34-49 kya). We infer the FY*O null mutation swept to fixation in Africa from standing variation with very low initial frequency (0.1%) and a selection coefficient of 0.043 (95% CI:0.011-0.18), which is among the strongest estimated in the human genome. We estimate the T MRCA of the FY*A mutation in non-Africans to be 57 kya (95% CI: 48-65 kya) and infer that, prior to the sweep of FY*O, all three alleles were segregating in Africa, as highly diverged populations from Asia and 6 ¼Khomani San hunter-gatherers share the same FY*A haplotypes. We test multiple models of admixture that may account for this observation and reject recent Asian or European admixture as the cause.

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Evidence for Transmission of Plasmodium Vivax Among a Duffy Antigen Negative Population in Western Kenya

Cited by 199 publications

References 43 publications

Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people

Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people

Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Population Genetic Analysis of the DARC Locus (Duffy) Reveals Adaptation from Standing Variation Associated with Malaria Resistance in Humans

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