Evidence for viral infection as a causative factor of human biliary atresia

Saito, Takeshi; Terui, Keita; Mitsunaga, Tetsuya; Nakata, M.; Ono, Shun; Mise, Naoko; Yoshida, Hideo

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.04.006

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The neonates with rotaviruses had a 3.14 times higher risk of developing biliary atresia than those without rotaviruses, with an OR of 3.14 (95% CI 1.87–5.26). This was in line with findings from human studies that have detected rotaviruses in injured livers and biliary remnants and animal studies that found that rotavirus vaccination caused stenosis of the extrahepatic bile duct, which is similar to features detected in human biliary atresia patients . Rotaviruses are divided into eight strains (A–H) according to structural proteins and four of these groups – A, B, C and H cause the disease in humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nationwide population‐based study showed that the rotavirus vaccination had no impact on the incidence of biliary atresia in Korea

et al. 2019

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Aim: Rotaviruses have been associated with biliary atresia. This study investigated whether the rotavirus vaccine, which was introduced to Korea in 2008, had an impact on the incidence of biliary atresia.Methods: We identified all rotavirus infections (n = 436 826) and biliary atresia cases (n = 528) diagnosed from 2006 to 2015 from insurance and health databases. The annual and seasonal incidence of biliary atresia and rotavirus infection rates in neonates and children were calculated. The difference in the risk of biliary atresia between rotavirusinfected and non-infected neonates was analysed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nationwide population‐based study showed that the rotavirus vaccination had no impact on the incidence of biliary atresia in Korea

et al. 2019

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“…Despite the initial contradictory findings regarding the presence and role of reovirus in BA (38)(39)(40)(41), numerous viruses have been implicated in the pathology of the disease and evidence of preceding viral infection-MxA proteins (Myxovirus resistance protein 1)-could be found even in the absence of viral material (42)(43)(44). Whether the virus is the primary causative factor or an accidental secondary event remains unclear (44,45).…”

Section: Animal Models and Etiological Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis of Biliary Atresia

et al. 2020

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Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating fibro-inflammatory disease characterized by the obstruction of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts in infants that can have fatal consequences, when not treated in a timely manner. It is the most common indication of pediatric liver transplantation worldwide and the development of new therapies, to alleviate the need of surgical intervention, has been hindered due to its complexity and lack of understanding of the disease pathogenesis. For that reason, significant efforts have been made toward the development of experimental models and strategies to understand the etiology and disease mechanisms and to identify novel therapeutic targets. The only characterized model of BA, using a Rhesus Rotavirus Type A infection of newborn BALB/c mice, has enabled the identification of key cellular and molecular targets involved in epithelial injury and duct obstruction. However, the establishment of an unleashed chronic inflammation followed by a progressive pathological wound healing process remains poorly understood. Like T cells, macrophages can adopt different functional programs [pro-inflammatory (M1) and resolutive (M2) macrophages] and influence the surrounding cytokine environment and the cell response to injury. In this review, we provide an overview of the immunopathogenesis of BA, discuss the implication of innate immunity in the disease pathogenesis and highlight their suitability as therapeutic targets.

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“…Viral infection is one of the most common proposed cause–effect associations that have been studied in the pathogenesis of BA, especially in the mouse model, but the result remains inconclusive in humans . Rotavirus infection is also common during cooler and dry months in Thailand .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral infection is one of the most common proposed causeeffect associations that have been studied in the pathogenesis of BA, especially in the mouse model, 18 but the result remains inconclusive in humans. 19 Rotavirus infection is also common during cooler and dry months in Thailand. 20,21 However, the range between the highest and lowest monthly average temperature is relatively narrow (February 25.4 C (77.7 F) and April 29.4 C (84.9 F)), but the monthly average precipitation varied widely (January 17 mm (0.67 in.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%