Evidence in the Hypophysectomized Pigeon of a Synergism Among Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Thyroxine and Prednisone Upon Weight of the Body, Digestive Tract, Kidney and Fat Stores

Bates, Roderick W.; Miller, Richard A.; Garrison, Mary M.

doi:10.1210/endo-71-3-345

Cited by 165 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The lack of synergism between exogenous GH and prolactin reported here is consistent with the findings in hypophysectomiaed pigeons (Bates et al, 1962) and int.act rats (Bates et al, 1964). Some additive effect between the two hormones might have been expected in the lizard when the lowest concentrations were being used since some response to each hormone was evident between 1 and 10 and between 10 and 50 pg/day.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Somatotropic effects of exogenous prolactin and growth hormone in juvenile lizards (Lacerta s. sicula)

Licht

Hoyer

1968

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The somatotropic effects of ovine prolactin and bovine growth hormone (GH) were compared in juveniles of the lizard Lacerta sicula sicula. Both hormones stimulated a marked increase (up to 300%) in food consumption. This effect was associated with a pronounced increase in weight gain which involved some fattening and considerable linear growth: the relative amount of lean growth and fattening were the same with both hormones. GH was slightly more potent on a weight basis, but both were highly effective at a dose of 10 ,&day and some response was evident between 1 and 50 &g/day.Total lipid storage was the same under both hormone treatments but lipid distributions in the body differed, especially with regard to the liver. GH promoted splanchnomegaly and lipid storage in the liver whereas prolactin decreased hepatic growth and lipid content. When the two hormones were given together, there was no synergism or additive effect with respect to total growth and the effects of prola&in on the liver were antagonized by the GH.Recent studies with ovine prolactin in male and female Ikcerta sic&a (Family adult male An&s carolinensis (Family 1,acertidae 1967). Mammalian growth hormone (GH)The prolartin activity of this preparation, based on the pigeon crop bioassay, was reported to be has also been shown to increase growth approximately 1 IU/mg. The prolactin prepararates in lizards-in juveniles of A. tion was of ovine origin (NIH PS-7) and assayed carolinen&+-but the details of its actions at a mean potency of 25 IU/mg. The GH conwere not reported (DiMaggio, 1960). such data, we examined the effects of (2) bovine GH; (3) a combination of prolactin and GH: or (4) 0.01 N NaOH (controls). Durexogenous prolactin and GH in juvenile ing the first 40 da,vs, animals received 1 fig 338

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Somatotropic effects of exogenous prolactin and growth hormone in juvenile lizards (Lacerta s. sicula)

Licht

Hoyer

1968

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Thus the oestrogens, progesterone and the pituitary gonadotrophins exert no stimulating effect on the growth of the stomach or alimentary tract in intact or hypophysectomized animals (Souders, 1955;Crean, 1965;and see Crean, 1963), whereas the corticosteroids and ACTH appear to inhibit the growth of the gastric mucosa in intact animals (Myhre, 1960;Crean, 1967b). The corticosteroid and thyroid hormones, however, potentiate the effects of prolactin and growth hormone in stimulating the regrowth of the intestinal tract after hypophysectomy (Bates, Miller & Garrison, 1962). While growth hormone and prolactin exert powerful effects in restoring the growth of the stomach and alimentary tract after hypophysectomy, both these hormones exert only modest effects in intact animals even when administered at very high dose levels (Bates et al 1962;Bates, Milkovic & Garrison, 1964;Crean, 1965; G. P. Crean, R. D. E. Rumsey & S. Wheeler, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corticosteroid and thyroid hormones, however, potentiate the effects of prolactin and growth hormone in stimulating the regrowth of the intestinal tract after hypophysectomy (Bates, Miller & Garrison, 1962). While growth hormone and prolactin exert powerful effects in restoring the growth of the stomach and alimentary tract after hypophysectomy, both these hormones exert only modest effects in intact animals even when administered at very high dose levels (Bates et al 1962;Bates, Milkovic & Garrison, 1964;Crean, 1965; G. P. Crean, R. D. E. Rumsey & S. Wheeler, unpublished observations). However, the possibility that the maternal hormones are in some way responsible for the effect cannot be excluded on the evidence available, since the effect could be due not to any single hormone but rather to the interaction of several hormones coming into play in critical combinations or at critical time intervals during the course of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Crean¹,

Rumsey²

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The growth of the gastric mucosa during pregnancy and afterwards has been studied by comparing the stomachs of rats, killed at weekly intervals after impregnation, with the stomachs of virgin rats of the same age and starting weight. The rate of growth of the gastric mucosa in both groups was determined from the changes observed in the weight of the whole stomach, the weight and surface area of the fundus, the volume (mass) of the fundic mucosa and the total parietal and total peptic cell populations.2. Hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa occurred during pregnancy and lactation, the effect being characterized by increases in the surface area and volume (mass) of the gastric mucosa, and in the total parietal and total peptic cell populations.3. The data suggest that the effect developed shortly after conception. Hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa continued throughout pregnancy and reached maximal values after the second week of lactation and waned thereafter; the maximal changes obtained for individual observations such as surface area and the total parietal and total peptic cell populations represented increases of the order of 40 % above corresponding control values.4. From the observations that were made on food intake it seemed unlikely that the hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa was due to hyperphagia. It also seemed unlikely that the effect could be accounted for by the increase that occurred in body weight during pregnancy.

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“…This is an interesting finding because the premigratory fattening in migratory birds has been attributed to increased food intake (King & Farner, 1965). Also, gain in body weight produced artificially has been generally shown to be accompanied by hyperphagia (Bates et al, 1962;Leon, 1974;Landau & Zucker, 1976;Noel & Flemming, 1977), though not in Spotted munia (Chandola & Pavgi, 1977, 1979. Eating therefore is not the only way of maintaining or increasing weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental correlates of the annual fattening cycle of Spotted munia,Lonchura punctulata(Aves, Estrildidae)

Chandola

Pavgi

Pathak

1980

Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research

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Spotted munia exhibits a distinct annual periodicity in body weight, which does not coincide with the annual temperature and photoperiodic changes. A seasonal variation in daily feeding pattern could be associated with the cycle. An endogenous circannual oscillator with a periodicity of about 10 months may also be involved. This bird, therefore, may prove to be a suitable model for the studies of interaction of daily and annual events with respect to circannual rhythms.

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Evidence in the Hypophysectomized Pigeon of a Synergism Among Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Thyroxine and Prednisone Upon Weight of the Body, Digestive Tract, Kidney and Fat Stores

Cited by 165 publications

References 0 publications

Somatotropic effects of exogenous prolactin and growth hormone in juvenile lizards (Lacerta s. sicula)

Somatotropic effects of exogenous prolactin and growth hormone in juvenile lizards (Lacerta s. sicula)

Hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa during pregnancy and lactation in the rat

Environmental correlates of the annual fattening cycle of Spotted munia,Lonchura punctulata(Aves, Estrildidae)

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