Evidence Needed to Inform the Next Dietary Reference Intakes for Iodine

Trumbo, Paula R.

doi:10.3945/an.113.004804

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The WHO cut-off value for median UIC at 100 µg/L assumes a mean daily urine volume of 500 mL in infants and 92% iodine bioavailability [33], which corresponds to a mean daily intake of at least 55 µg [30,33]. Several studies have pointed out the need for more extensive research to define an estimated average requirement in infancy [30,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway

et al. 2020

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Breastfed infants are dependent on an adequate supply of iodine in human milk for the production of thyroid hormones, necessary for development of the brain. Despite the importance of iodine for infant health, data on Norwegian lactating women are scarce. We measured iodine intake and evaluated iodine status and iodine knowledge among lactating women. From October to December 2018, 133 mother–infant pairs were recruited in a cross-sectional study through two public health care centers in Lillehammer and Gjøvik. Each of the women provided two human milk specimens, which were pooled, and one urine sample for analysis of iodine concentration. We used 24-h dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate short-term and habitual iodine intake from food and supplements. The median (P25, P75) human milk iodine concentration (HMIC) was 71 (45, 127) µg/L—of which, 66% had HMIC <100 µg/L. The median (P25, P75) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80 µg/L (52, 141). The mean (± SD) 24-h iodine intake and habitual intake was 78 ± 79 µg/day and 75 ± 73 µg/day, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms inadequate iodine intake and insufficient iodine status among lactating women in the inland area of Norway and medium knowledge awareness about iodine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway

et al. 2020

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“…The recommended nutrient intakes of 150 μg/day and tolerable upper intake level of 1000 μg/day (equivalent to approximately 2.5 and 16.7 μg/kg.BW, respectively) for adults meet needs and prevent excess intake [11,12]. In this study, the low, medium, and high doses of iodine were set at 25, 166.7, and 500.1 μg iodine/kg.BW, respectively, which is 10 times of recommended nutrient intakes and 10 times and 30 times of upper intake level.…”

Section: Animal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 3,5-Diiodotyrosine and Potassium Iodide on Thyroid Function and Oxidative Stress in Iodine-Excess Wistar Rats

Liú

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of organic iodine (3,5-diiodotyrosine, DIT) and inorganic iodine (potassium iodine, KI) on thyroid function and oxidative stress in iodine-excess Wistar rats. Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal control (NC), thyroid tablet-induced hyperthyroidism model (HM), low DIT (L-DIT), medium DIT (M-DIT), high DIT (H-DIT), low KI (L-KI), medium KI (M-KI), and high KI (H-KI). All rats were fed ad libitum for 30 days. Morphological changes in the thyroid, absolute and relative weights of the thyroid, thyroid function markers free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), urinary iodine level, and oxidative stress indicators were measured. Compared to the HM groups, the FT3 and FT4 levels decreased in the L-DIT groups; the thyroid weight and thyroid weight/body weight values decreased markedly in the L-DIT and M-DIT groups; serum superoxide dismutase/malondialdehyde increased markedly; glutathione peroxidase activity increased markedly in the L-DIT groups; and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in the M-DIT groups. However, the FT3 and FT4 levels decreased and glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly in the DIT groups compared to their corresponding KI groups. Additionally, urinary iodine levels increased significantly in both DIT and KI groups, while the highest urinary iodine excretion was showed in the DIT groups among groups. When the addition of iodine with the same doses in iodine-excess rats, although neither DIT nor KI normalized iodine levels in the iodine-excess rats, the DIT did less damage than did KI to thyroid follicular cells. Therefore, DIT rather than KI had a protective effect by balancing the antioxidant system when exposed to supraphysiological iodine. These suggest that DIT may be used as a new alternative iodized salt in the universal salt iodization to avoid the potential damage of surplus KI.

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“…Infants are born with minimal thyroidal iodine stores (5) and are entirely dependent on dietary iodine, making them particularly vulnerable to low iodine intakes (1,(5)(6)(7)(8). However, data on the daily dietary iodine requirement at this critical age is limited (1,6,(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment of iodine intakes in populations should be based on the estimated average requirement (EAR) and not on the AI (10,12,16,18). Quantitative data are urgently needed to define an EAR in infancy, and this has been highlighted as a research priority (10,11). Moreover, a well-defined EAR would allow 1 Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project number 320030_160342) and the ETH Zurich.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dose-response crossover iodine balance study to determine iodine requirements in early infancy

Dold

Zimmermann

Baumgartner

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Evidence Needed to Inform the Next Dietary Reference Intakes for Iodine

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway

Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway

Effects of 3,5-Diiodotyrosine and Potassium Iodide on Thyroid Function and Oxidative Stress in Iodine-Excess Wistar Rats

A dose-response crossover iodine balance study to determine iodine requirements in early infancy

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